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Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy
Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy  2019, Vol. 1 Issue (1): 67-78    DOI: 10.1007/s42768-019-00005-z
    
中国禁塑令对全球塑料废弃物处置的影响
Wanli Wang1, Nickolas J. Themelis2, Kai Sun1, Athanasios C. Bourtsalas2, Qunxing Huang1, Yunhe Zhang1, Zhaohui Wu1
1.State Key Laboratory Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China 2.Columbia University, Earth Engineering Center, New York, USA
Current influence of China’s ban on plastic waste imports
Wanli Wang1, Nickolas J. Themelis2, Kai Sun1, Athanasios C. Bourtsalas2, Qunxing Huang1, Yunhe Zhang1, Zhaohui Wu1
1.State Key Laboratory Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China 2.Columbia University, Earth Engineering Center, New York, USA
 全文: PDF 
摘要： 目前全球塑料年产量超过3亿吨，其中有20%产自中国。据估计，大约90%的废弃塑料无法回收。中国是世界上最大的废弃塑料进口国，自2018年1月1日起，中国实施了废弃塑料进口禁令，对全球塑料生产和固体废物管理都产生了深远影响。马来西亚等东南亚国家已经取代中国，成为了塑料垃圾的主要进口国。欧盟诸国作为废弃塑料的主要出口国，出台了限制微塑料和一次性塑料使用的战略和倡议。同时，英国、德国、法国等欧洲国家也采取了积极的措施，在几年的时间里实现了对包装垃圾和不可回收塑料的数量控制和对塑料垃圾的回收利用。就美国而言，西雅图、旧金山等一些地区已积极响应全球塑料的禁令。然而，“限塑令”在美国全国引发的争议，阻碍了塑料禁令的颁布和实施。总的来说，世界各地的大公司和60多个国家已经开始征税或颁布禁令来控制一次性塑料废物的使用。中国政府开始整顿国内废弃塑料市场，工业和信息化部明确了重点企业废弃塑料处理能力的门槛。除垃圾填埋外，直接回收和焚烧发电是废弃塑料的主要处置方法。如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚对苯二甲酸类的热塑性塑料可以由市民从废物中分拣出来，可以直接回收用作原材料。混合废弃塑料既可以作为垃圾焚烧电厂的燃料，也可以作为热解工厂的原料，将废弃塑料转化为高附加值的油或化工原料，是比较有前景的废塑料处理方法。
关键词： 废塑料;  中国;  禁令;  进口;  热解    
Abstract: The current global production of plastics is over 300 million tons, 20% of which is produced in China. It has been estimated that about 90% of the discarded plastics are not recycled. China was the world’s leading importer of waste plastics, while since January 1, 2018, China’s import ban on waste plastics has been put into force, which has had a far-reaching effect on global plastic production and solid waste management. Southeast Asian countries like Malaysia have replaced China as the leading importer of plastic wastes. As the main exporter of waste plastics, EU has released strategy and initiative about plastics to restrict the use of micro plastics and single-use plastics. Meanwhile main European counties like UK, German and France have also taken own active measures to realize the control of packaging waste and non-recycled plastic and the recycling of plastic wastes in several years. As For the US, some areas such as Seattle and San Francisco have positively responded to the global trend of plastic ban. However, the controversy over “plastic restriction” in the whole state obstructed the promulgation and implementation of the national plastic ban. On the whole, major companies and more than 60 countries all over the world have introduced levies or bans to combat single-use plastic wastes. The Chinese government began to rectify the domestic waste plastics market and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China has clarified the threshold of waste plastic treatment capacity for key enterprises. In addition to landfill, direct recovery and waste to energy processes are the main disposal methods of waste plastics. Thermoplastics like PE, PP and PET that are sorted out from the waste stream by citizens can be directly recycled to the primary material. The mixed waste plastics can be used as fuel in waste to energy plants, or as feedstock to pyrolysis plants that transform them to high value-added oil or chemical materials, which are more promising disposal methods of waste plastics.
Key words: Waste plastics    China    Ban    Import    Pyrolysis
收稿日期: 2019-03-12 出版日期: 2019-06-04
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Wanli Wang
Nickolas J. Themelis
Kai Sun
Athanasios C. Bourtsalas
Qunxing Huang
Yunhe Zhang
Zhaohui Wu

引用本文:

Wanli Wang, Nickolas J. Themelis, Kai Sun, Athanasios C. Bourtsalas, Qunxing Huang, Yunhe Zhang, Zhaohui Wu. Current influence of China’s ban on plastic waste imports. Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy, 2019, 1(1): 67-78.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/wdse/CN/10.1007/s42768-019-00005-z    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/wdse/CN/Y2019/V1/I1/67

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