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Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy
Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy  2019, Vol. 1 Issue (1): 79-89    DOI: 10.1007/s42768-019-00002-2
    
电子垃圾回收场周边空气中多溴联苯醚的分布特性
Ajit Ghimire1, Albert Leo N. dela Cruz2, Roberto Wong1, Panida Navasumrit3, Stephania Cormier4, Slawomir M. Lomnicki1
1.Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, A&M College, Baton Rouge, USA  2.Department of Environmental Services, City of Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, USA  3.Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand  4.Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, A&M College, Baton Rouge, USA
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in ambient air samples at the electronic waste (e-waste) reclamation site
Ajit Ghimire1, Albert Leo N. dela Cruz2, Roberto Wong1, Panida Navasumrit3, Stephania Cormier4, Slawomir M. Lomnicki1
1.Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, A&M College, Baton Rouge, USA  2.Department of Environmental Services, City of Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, USA  3.Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand  4.Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, A&M College, Baton Rouge, USA
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摘要： 多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）作为一种阻燃剂，被广泛应用于各种建筑材料、塑料或其它聚合物、航空和电子产品中。由于其环境持久性和对人们健康的不利影响，很多国家已经禁止使用PBDEs及其多种同系物。本文聚焦于电子废弃物回收过程中，PBDEs在环境空气中的迁移排放特性的研究，所涉及的颗粒物样品取自泰国曼谷的一个电子废弃物回收场地及其周围的空气中。结果显示，PM2.5和总悬浮颗粒(TSP)样品中均存在3溴代到7溴代同系物。且采样地与回收场地的距离和样品中PBDEs浓度的相关性分析表明，距离回收场地越近，空气中PBDEs的浓度越高。有趣的是，与在电子垃圾收集点收集的颗粒物相比，邻近地区非现场样品中的低溴代同系物浓度较高。场区附近样品中5溴代同系物的总浓度几乎是现场样品的两倍。相比未开展电子废弃物回收的地区，来自回收场区及其邻近地区的总悬浮颗粒物中，4溴代、5溴代和7溴代同系物的浓度较高。总的来说，可以观察到两个明显的趋势，即在回收过程中，多溴二苯醚脱溴为毒性更强的3溴代和4溴代同系物，以及多溴二苯醚正从处理过的材料转移到环境空气中的颗粒物中。在我们的研究中，BDE 30是最主要的脱溴终产物，它可以作为电子废弃物热活性的指标。本文还指出了电子废弃物回收和PBDEs污染场地修复过程中所包含的潜在危害，也就是说，热处置过程会导致同系物的转化，增加高毒性低溴代同系物的排放。
关键词： 多溴二苯醚;  颗粒物;  细颗粒物;  总悬浮颗粒;  电子废弃物    
Abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame retardants in various building materials, plastic and other polymers, airplanes, electronics, etc. All or some of their congeners have been already banned in many countries, due to their persistency and adverse health effects. In this study, we are focusing on e-wastes as a source of emission of PBDEs in ambient air during reclamation processes. The ambient air particulate matter (PM) samples were collected at and near an e-waste reclamation site in Bangkok, Thailand. Results showed the presence of various homologues, viz: tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and hepta-PBDEs in both PM2.5 and total suspended particle (TSP) samples. The comparison of samples as a function of distance from the reclamation site indicated elevated levels of PBDEs in close proximity to the e-waste site. Interestingly, a shift in the congener pattern was observed with lower brominated PBDEs being more prevalent in nearby off-site samples as compared to the PM collected at the e-waste site. The total penta-PBDEs concentration is almost double in the e-waste site PM2.5 compared to the control site samples. For TSP, tetra, penta, and hepta-PBDEs congeners are at higher concentrations at the e-waste sites and its vicinity compared to reference sites. Overall, a clear trend can be observed indicating a debromination of PBDEs to more toxic tri and tetra congeners during the reclamation process and PBDEs are being translocated from treated materials to ambient air PM. BDE 30 is uniquely detected in our studies as a dominant final debromination product, that can be used as a marker of thermal e-waste activity. This work indicates potential hazards related to the reclamation of e-wastes and remediation of sites containing PBDEs. In particular, thermal treatment methods can lead to congener transformation and increased emissions of more toxic lower brominated congeners.
Key words: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)    PM (Particulate matter)    PM2.5    TSP (Total suspended particle)    e-waste (Electronic waste)
收稿日期: 2019-02-14 出版日期: 2019-06-04
通讯作者: Slawomir M. Lomnicki     E-mail: slomni1@lsu.edu
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Ajit Ghimire
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引用本文:

Ajit Ghimire, Albert Leo N. dela Cruz, Roberto Wong, Panida Navasumrit, Stephania Cormier, Slawomir M. Lomnicki. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in ambient air samples at the electronic waste (e-waste) reclamation site. Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy, 2019, 1(1): 79-89.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/wdse/CN/10.1007/s42768-019-00002-2    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/wdse/CN/Y2019/V1/I1/79

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