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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2015, Vol. 41 Issue (5): 537-546    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.05.181
农业科学     
育秧环境与秧龄对杂交籼稻秧苗生长及机插质量的影响
赵敏, 钟晓媛, 田青兰, 刘波, 孙红, 胡慧, 杨云洁, 任万军
1.四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130;2.郫县气象局,成都611730
Effects of environment and seedling age on growth and transplanting quality of hybrid indica rice seedling
Zhao Min, Zhong Xiaoyuan, Tian Qinglan, Liu Bo, Sun Hong, Hu Hui, Yang Yunjie, Ren Wanjun
(1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest China, Chengdu  611130,  China; 2. Pixian Meteorological Bureau, Chengdu 611730,  China)
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摘要： 为探明育秧环境和秧龄对杂交籼稻秧苗生长及机插质量的影响,以F优498为材料,采用三因素裂裂区设计,通过田间苗床和温室大棚苗床温湿度和光照的比较,研究不同育秧环境20、30和40 d的3个秧龄以营养土和恒奥达基质作为载体的杂交籼稻秧苗生长特性和机插质量。结果表明：温室大棚温度、相对湿度和光照强度昼夜变化趋势与田间苗床一致,且其昼夜变化滞后于田间苗床,是一个平均温度高于田间苗床且极寡照的育秧环境;温室大棚培育秧苗生长呈2段性,前段生长快,后段生长缓慢,机插漏秧率和浮秧率分别比田间秧苗低4.29和2.73个百分点,每穴苗数比田间秧苗高22.22%,总体机插质量较好;30 d秧龄秧苗漏秧率最低、每穴苗数最高,适合机插,而40 d秧龄秧苗漏秧率、伤秧率和浮秧率均最高,且穴苗数最低,机插质量差,但温室大棚能适当控制秧苗生长,更适合培育长秧龄秧苗,增加机插秧秧龄弹性;营养土培育秧苗机插质量较恒奥达基质好,恒奥达基质培育秧苗漏秧率和浮秧率均较高,但由于基质疏松,机插抓秧时不易造成伤秧,可以与温室大棚配套培育秧苗,降低温室大棚培育秧苗的伤秧率;秧苗形态和机插质量受环境温度、相对湿度和光照强度影响,其中叶面积、叶龄和干物质量受温度影响大,且积温与叶龄呈极显著正相关关系,机插浮秧率和每穴苗数受秧苗期温度、相对湿度和光照强度等气象条件影响较大,而漏秧率和伤秧率与温度、相对湿度和光照强度相关性不显著。
Abstract: The experiment was designed in three-factor split plot by using Fyou 498 as material. Comparing meteorological characteristics of the two seedbed, effects of Heng Aoda and nutrient soil and different seedling ages with 20, 30 and 40 d on seedling quality and transplanting quality of hybrid  indica rice were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) The temperature, relative humidity and light intensity of greenhouse seedbed were similar to these of field seedbed, and diurnal variation in temperature, relative humidity and light intensity of greenhouse seedbed lagged behind these of field seedbed. Light intensity of greenhouse seedbed was lower than field seedbed and temperature of greenhouse seedbed was higher than field seedbed. 2) The seedling growth in greenhouse was two segments with fast early and slow rear, and its rate of empty hills and rate of float hills were 4.29% and 2.73%  lower than these of field seedbed when transplanted, respectively. The seedling in greenhouse had a better transplanting quality, and the number of plants per hill was 22.22% higher than that in field seedbed. 3) The seedling with 30 d seedling age was suitable for planting mechanization for the lowest rate of empty hills and the highest number of plants per hill. However, the seedling with 40 d seedling age had poor transplanting quality for the highest rate of empty hills, the highest rate of injury hills, the highest rate of float hills and the lowest number of plants per hill. The seedling in greenhouse could be suitable for long seedling age by properly controlling seedling growth with temperature, relative humidity and light intensity regulation to increase scope of seedling age for planting mechanization. 4) The nutrient soil seeding had better transplanting quality than Heng Aoda seeding with high rate of empty hills and high rate of float hills, but substrate seeding had small injury for its loose property on planting mechanization. Thus, the substrate was considered to support seeding in greenhouse for low rate of injury hills by further research. 5) The temperature, relative humidity and light intensity had an impact on seedling quality and transplanting quality including a great effect of temperature on leaf area,  leaf age and dry mass, and accumulated temperature was significantly correlated with the   leaf age. The temperature, relative humidity and light intensity had an impact on rate of float hills and number of plants per hill and was not significantly correlated with the rate of empty hills and rate of injury hills.
出版日期: 2015-09-20
CLC:  S 511  
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赵敏
钟晓媛
田青兰
刘波
孙红
胡慧
杨云洁
任万军

引用本文:

赵敏, 钟晓媛, 田青兰, 刘波, 孙红, 胡慧, 杨云洁, 任万军. 育秧环境与秧龄对杂交籼稻秧苗生长及机插质量的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2015, 41(5): 537-546.

Zhao Min, Zhong Xiaoyuan, Tian Qinglan, Liu Bo, Sun Hong, Hu Hui, Yang Yunjie, Ren Wanjun. Effects of environment and seedling age on growth and transplanting quality of hybrid indica rice seedling. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2015, 41(5): 537-546.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.05.181    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2015/V41/I5/537

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