Design of portable three-dimensional sonar for both far-field and near-field

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.02.020

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2019, Vol. 53

Issue (2): 364-372 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.02.020

Computer and Control Engineering

Design of portable three-dimensional sonar for both far-field and near-field

Dong-dong ZHAO1(

),Xue-song LIU1,2,*(

),Fan ZHOU1,2,Ying-tian HU3,Yao-wu CHEN1,2,4

1. Institute of Advanced Digital Technology and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Network Multimedia Technologies, Hangzhou 310027, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
4. National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

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Abstract

A design of portable three-dimensional (3D) imaging sonar for both far-field and near-field was proposed, in order to reduce the complexity of 3D imaging sonar system and guarantee the accuracy of beam patterns for the whole underwater scene. The cross array, which could largely simplify the hardware complexity compared to the planar array, was used to achieve 3D sonar imaging and make the system portable. For the transmitting array, a near-field multiple-frequency transmitting algorithm was proposed to guarantee the performance of the beam pattern in the near field. The whole 3D scene was divided into several focal regions according to the depth of field, and the time-delay parameters for each focal region were calculated based on the Fresnel approximation. For the receiving array, an optimized chirp zeta transform beamforming was proposed to implement both far-field and near-field fast beamforming with lower computational requirement than those of other methods. The simulation experiments demonstrated that the angle resolution and the side lobe peak of the proposed algorithm had a relative small variation in the near field focal regions, and the performance of the beam pattern was stable. The real underwater tests verified that the proposed design could generate high quality underwater images within the detection scenes.

Key words： portable 3D sonar underwater 3D imaging cross array far field near field computational requirement

Received: 19 June 2018 Published: 21 February 2019

CLC:

TB 56

Corresponding Authors: Xue-song LIU E-mail: zhaodd@zju.edu.cn;11015006@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Dong-dong ZHAO,Xue-song LIU,Fan ZHOU,Ying-tian HU,Yao-wu CHEN. Design of portable three-dimensional sonar for both far-field and near-field. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(2): 364-372.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.02.020 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2019/V53/I2/364

兼顾远场和近场性能的便携式三维声纳设计

为了降低三维成像声纳系统的复杂度，并保证系统在整个水下探测范围内具有准确的波束图，提出兼顾远场和近场性能的便携式三维成像声纳设计方法. 该设计采用十字型阵列实现三维声纳成像，相比平面阵，极大降低了硬件复杂度，设备灵活轻便. 针对发射阵列，提出近场条件下的多频发射波束形成算法，根据十字型阵列的景深划分多个发射聚焦区间，并通过菲涅尔近似，配置各聚焦区间的时延参数，保证近场的波束性能. 针对接收阵列，提出优化的CZT (chirp zeta transform) 波束形成算法，可实现远场和近场条件下的快速波束形成，且计算量低于其他波束形成算法. 仿真实验表明,在近场聚焦区间内，该算法的角度分辨率和旁瓣高度变化差异较小，波束图性能稳定. 实际水下实验证实该设计可以在探测场景内获得清晰的水下三维图像.

关键词： 便携式三维声纳, 水下三维成像, 十字型阵列, 远场, 近场, 计算量需求

Fig.1 Diagram of MFT algorithm transmitting process

Fig.2 Multiple focal regions

Fig.3 Definition of steering angles of cross array

Fig.4 Process of O-CZT beamforming

Fig.5 Comparison of real operations among three beamforming algorithms

Tab.1 Comparison of real operations among three beamforming algorithms

Fig.8 Comparison of square target imaging effects

Fig.9 Physical image of iron chain

Fig.10 Three-dimensional image of iron chain

Fig.11 Physical image of iron cube

Fig.12 Three-dimensional image of iron cube

Fig.6 Comparison of beam patterns among different frequencies and algorithms in near field

Fig.7 Comparison of point target imaging effects at different distances


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