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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (1): 1-16    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.01.001
Mechanical Engineering     
Research progress and related applications of shape memory polymers in four-dimensional printing technology
Tian-ze HAO(),Hua-ping XIAO*(),Shu-hai LIU,Jian-feng GU
College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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Abstract  

Four-dimensional (4D) printing technology undergoes fast development in recent years since 4D-printed structures have increased deformability and designability compared to 3D-printed static structure. Recent developments and printing principle of 4D printing technology were reviewed. Four popular printing methods, namely fused deposition modeling, stereo lithography apparatus, polyJet and direct-writing technology, as well as their different demands for materials, were summarized. From the perspective of different external excitations, deformation mode, mechanism and recovery degree of shape memory polymers were analyzed and summarized. Key scientific difficulties and future development directions of shape memory polymers were discussed. 4D printed shape memory intelligent structures using shape memory polymers were investigated in research fields such as minimally invasive biomedicine, robotics, and flexible electronics manufacturing, presenting great potential application of 4D-printed structures in related fields.

Key words： 4D printing      shape memory polymer      drive mode      smart structure     
Received: 08 September 2019      Published: 05 January 2020
CLC:  TH 145  
Corresponding Authors: Hua-ping XIAO     E-mail: 2019310308@student.cup.edu.cn;hxiao@cup.edu.cn
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Tian-ze HAO
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Tian-ze HAO,Hua-ping XIAO,Shu-hai LIU,Jian-feng GU. Research progress and related applications of shape memory polymers in four-dimensional printing technology. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(1): 1-16.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.01.001     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2020/V54/I1/1


形状记忆聚合物在4D打印技术下的研究及应用

为了打破传统3D打印的静止约束，增加打印结构的可变形性和可设计性，4D打印的相关研究逐渐兴起. 综述了4D打印技术的发展和原理，总结了熔融沉积技术、立体光固化成型技术、聚合物喷射技术和直写技术这4种常见的打印方式的工作方式以及它们对材料的不同需求. 从外界不同激励的角度，对形状记忆聚合物的变形方式、机理及回复程度等进行分析与总结，对形状记忆聚合物目前存在的关键科学难点和未来的发展方向进行总结. 使用形状记忆聚合物的4D打印形状记忆智能结构在微创生物医学、机器人、柔性电子制造等研究领域已经有了应用，并表现出良好前景.


关键词： 4D打印,  形状记忆聚合物,  驱动方式,  智能结构 
Fig.1 Similarities and differences between 3D printing and 4D printing
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of printing mode
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of thermal deformation process of SMP
Fig.4 Two-dimensional layered SMP deformation effect
Fig.5 Deformation and application of composite structure of three kinds of materials
Fig.6 Three shapes of SMP system
Fig.7 Deformability and shape recovery capability of complex three-dimensional structures
Fig.8 Three-dimensional stress-strain-temperature relationship in thermomechanical cycle test
Fig.9 4D printing rope deformation in water and cube self-folding
Fig.10 Complex printing structure swells with water
Fig.11 Humidity response structure recovery process
Fig.12 Electrical response structure experimental process
Fig.13 Deformation of SMP containing conductive fiber
Fig.14 Magnetic response SMP deformation process in magnetic field
Fig.15 Deformation and recovery process of SMP sunflower under illumination
Fig.16 LCE elastomer light response process
Fig.17 LCE elastomer rubbing direction affects recovery process
Fig.18 Scan tracheal stent tree, model and actual sten
Fig.19 Microvoid scaffold for cell culture
Fig.20 Worm robot deployment structure and forward diagram
Fig.21 Software robot gripping process and machine finger
Fig.22 Application of SMP in field of flexible electronics
Fig.23 4D printing moisture wicking clothing
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