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| Optimization for header parameters of rape combine harvester |
| WU Wenjie, WU Chongyou* |
(Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China)
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Abstract Header losses are the most serious part of grain loss which affects the quality and efficiency of rapeseed harvesting operations. In order to solve this problem, we chose the reel’s horizontal position, reel’s vertical position and reel’s rotation speed as the main parameters, and took the header loss rate as the main objective. At the same time, we used the total feeding amount as an auxiliary target considering the harvester’s operation efficiency. First, single-factor test was performed on the three main parameters, and the effects of different factors on the loss rate and feed amount were analyzed. On the basis of single factor, a response surface test was conducted on the three main parameters according to the Box-Benhnken center combination design theory. Then, a regression model was established to determine the factors affecting significance. The experimental results showed that the loss rate was affected by the reel’s horizontal position, reel’s vertical position and reel’s rotation speed, while the total feeding amount was only affected by the reel’s rotation speed. The result of response surface experiment was consistent with the results of single factor experiment; the significant order of influence is reel’s vertical position, reel’s rotation speed and reel’s horizontal position through the analysis of impact effects. The optimum working parameter combination of the rapeseed harvester’s header with high efficiency and low loss rate as constraints was that the horizontal position of the reel was 50 mm, the vertical position of the reel was 1 056 mm, and the rotation speed of the reel was 30 r/min. Under the optimized conditions, the header loss rate was 0.97%, the feed amount was 8.35 kg/s, and the experimental value was 1.01% for the header loss rate, 8.48 kg/s for the feed amount with the relative error of less than 5%. The above results can provide a reference for optimization design of the header structure of rape combine harvester and optimization of operating parameters.
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Published: 13 September 2018
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油菜联合收割机的割台参数优化
割台损失是油菜籽粒损失最严重的部分，影响了油菜收获作业的质量和效率。为了解决这一问题，本文首先采用单因素试验方法得出拨禾轮水平位置、拨禾轮垂直位置、拨禾轮转速分别对损失率、喂入量的影响，在单因素试验的基础上运用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验方法对割台结构参数和运动参数进行试验研究，以拨禾轮水平位置、拨禾轮垂直位置、拨禾轮转速进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验，建立响应面数学模型，分析各因素对收获效果的影响，同时对影响因素进行优化。结果表明：拨禾轮水平位置、垂直位置和转速对损失率都有一定的影响，而对喂入量影响显著的只有拨禾轮转速，响应面试验结果与单因素试验结果相一致；对割台损失率影响显著的顺序为拨禾轮垂直位置＞拨禾轮转速＞拨禾轮水平位置；割台最优工作参数组合为拨禾轮水平位置50 mm、拨禾轮垂直位置1 056 mm、拨禾轮转速30 r/min。在该最优条件下，割台损失率的优化值为0.97%，实测值为1.01%，喂入量的优化值为8.35 kg/s，实测值为8.48 kg/s，且实测值与优化值的相对误差小于5%。该研究结果的优化值可为油菜联合收割机割台结构优化设计和作业参数优化提供参考。
关键词：
油菜,
割台,
损失率,
响应面,
参数优化
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