| Agricultural sciences |
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| Key techniques of simplification of fruit thinning in grape cultivar “Muscat of Alexandria” |
| ZHANG Liping, LU Xiaoming, LU Meidan, WANG Li, LI Kunfeng, SHEN Linzhang, JIA Huijuan |
| 1. Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2. Changxing Sub-station of Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313100, Zhejiang, China; 3. Economy Crop Station, Agricultural Bureau of Changxing County, Huzhou 313100, Zhejiang, China |
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Abstract “Alexander” grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Muscat of Alexandria) belongs to Euro-Asian species and performed excellent in the southern China such as Zhejiang Province. However, as its high fruit setting and compact fruit spikes, fruit thinning in time was very necessary. Currently, elongating clusters of grape using gibberellin (GA3) is usually used in Euro-American species; however, the effects of clusters elongation on fruit quality and simplified degree of fruit thinning have not been reported. In addition, the concentration of GA3 used for clusters elongating have great differences according to sensitive degree of cultivars. We explored the effects of GA3 treatment on simplification of fruit thinning and fruit quality in this study, in order to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for industrial development of “Alexander” grape. Six-year-old “Mascat of Alexandria” trees were used in this study. Clusters were sprayed with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg/L) of GA3 when their length reached 2.71—8.68 cm about 15 days before full-bloom stage of “Alexander” grape in order to explore the effects of GA3 treatment on simplification of fruit thinning and fruit quality. Fruits were picked when the total soluble solid (TSS) content reached 17% and were sampled when they reached commercial maturity. The length of the clusters and quality indexes were determined at harvest. The results showed that the treatment effect of 3 mg/L GA3 solution was the best when the new shoot length reached 15—20 cm, the leaf number was 6—7 pieces and the average length of the clusters was 3.53 cm. Compared with the control (0 mg/L GA3 treatment), 3 mg/L GA3 treatment can elongate clusters by 50%, obtain loose fruit spikes but not too loosen as well as better fruit setting. The average fruit spike mass reached the maximum value after 3 mg/L treatment, and can reduce workload of fruit thinning by 38%. Compared with the control, treatment with different concentrations of GA3 solution all enhanced the content of TSS, glucose, fructose, tartaric acid, malic acid, and linalool. Moreover, 3 mg/L GA3 treatment greatly increased the contents of total phenols and nerol. 3 mg/L GA3 treatment can obtain better fruit quality and effectively lower work load of fruit thinning. It is suggested to spray “Alexander” grape clusters with 3 mg/L GA3 solution about 15 days before full-bloom stage in the production, in order to reduce labor cost and improve labor efficiency.
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Published: 20 May 2016
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“亚历山大”葡萄疏果省力化关键技术
以六年生“亚历山大”(Vitis vinifera cv. Mascat of Alexandria)葡萄为试材,在盛花期前15 d左右、花穗长度为3.0～8.0 cm时使用5个不同质量浓度(1、2、3、4和5 mg/L)的赤霉酸(GA3)溶液对葡萄花穗进行喷洒处理,研究GA3处理对疏果简约化和果实品质的影响。结果表明,3 mg/L的GA3在新稍长度为15～20 cm、展叶数为6～7片(花穗长度为4.0 cm左右)时处理效果最佳。与自然生长果穗相比,可使花穗拉长50%,果穗疏松但不过于松散,坐果较好,平均穗质量最大,并能有效减少疏果工作量,省工38%。与对照相比,不同质量浓度的GA3处理均显著提高了“亚历山大”葡萄果实中可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、酒石酸、苹果酸和芳樟醇含量,并且3 mg/L处理显著提高了葡萄果实中总酚和橙花醇含量。因此,3 mg/L GA3处理的果实品质较优并且能够有效减少人工疏果的工作量。生产中建议在盛花期前15 d左右用3 mg/L GA3对“亚历山大”葡萄花穗进行喷施处理,以减少劳动成本、提高劳动效率。
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