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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (2): 135-142    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.03.271
综述     
厌氧氨氧化研究的分子生态学进展
朱辰(),张乃方,徐陈超,张凯杭,程磊()
浙江大学生命科学学院，生命系统稳态与保护教育部重点实验室，杭州 310058
Molecular ecology progress of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction
Chen ZHU(),Naifang ZHANG,Chenchao XU,Kaihang ZHANG,Lei CHENG()
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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摘要：

厌氧氨氧化（anaerobic ammonium oxidation, ANAMMOX）通常指微生物在厌氧条件下，以亚硝酸根为电子受体，将铵根离子氧化成氮气的过程，主要由浮霉菌门（Planctomycetales）细菌驱动。厌氧氨氧化菌广泛分布于陆地与海洋生态系统里，在全球氮循环中发挥着重要的作用。本文综合分析了在群落水平、细胞水平、分子和组学水平下厌氧氨氧化过程的生态学研究进展，结合不同尺度下的方法与技术介绍，初步探讨和展望了不同生态系统中厌氧氨氧化的前沿问题与研究方向。
关键词： 厌氧氨氧化过程;  方法与技术;  代谢途径    
Abstract:

The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reaction with nitrite as an electron acceptor and nitrogen as a product is mediated by bacteria which belong to Planctomycetales. The ANAMMOX bacteria are ubiquitous and play an essential role in global nitrogen cycle. Here, combining the introduction of methods and techniques frequently used, we summarized the progress of ANAMMOX and divided the research history into three levels: 1) community; 2) cell; 3) molecular and omics analysis. Based on their introduction, we clarified the progress in ANAMMOX driven by them, and discussed some questions exiting in this field and put forward new methods and techniques that may be helpful.
Key words: anaerobic ammonia oxidation process    methods and techniques    metabolic pathway
收稿日期: 2018-03-27 出版日期: 2019-04-25
CLC:  S 154  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(31670501，31422010，31370487);浙江省自然科学基金(LR14C030001)
通讯作者: 程磊     E-mail: chen.z3.1415@gmail.com;lcheng@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 朱辰（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-2070），E-mail： chen.z3.1415@gmail.com|程磊（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-3632），E-mail： lcheng@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

朱辰,张乃方,徐陈超,张凯杭,程磊. 厌氧氨氧化研究的分子生态学进展[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(2): 135-142.

Chen ZHU,Naifang ZHANG,Chenchao XU,Kaihang ZHANG,Lei CHENG. Molecular ecology progress of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(2): 135-142.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.03.271    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I2/135

图1  氮循环框架
图2  厌氧氨氧化菌研究发展示意图

生态系统

Ecosystem

环境

Environment

主要菌群（属）

Dominant genus

文献

Reference
人工 Artificial 反应器 Reactor Kuenenia, Jettenia, Anammoxoglobus, Brocadia [25,26,27,28]
海洋 Marine 水体 Water Scalindua [29,30,31]
沉积物 Sediment Scalindua [32,33]
最小含氧区 Oxygen minimum zone Scalindua [34,35,36]

陆地和淡水

Terrestrial and freshwater

 水体 Water Scalindua, Brocadia [13,37,38]
土壤 Soil Brocadia, Jettenia [39,40,41]
湿地 Wetland Brocadia, Jettenia [24,42]

极端环境

Extreme environment

高温储油层

High-temperature petroleum reservoirs

 Brocadia, Kuenenia [43]
深海热液Deep-sea hydrothermal vents Scalindua [44]

淡水极端环境

Freshwater extreme environments

 Brocadia, Jettenia [45]
表1  厌氧氨氧化菌在不同环境中的分布
名称 Name

目标菌群

Target bacterium

探针序列（5′→3′）

Probe sequence (5′→3′)

甲酰胺/NaCl

(Formamide/NaCl)/%

文献

Reference
Eub 338

全部细菌

Almost all bacteria

 GCT GCC TCC CGT AGG AGT 0/900 [46]
Eub 338Ⅱ

全部细菌

Almost all bacteria

 GCA GCC ACC CGT AGG TGT 0/900 [47]
Eub 338Ⅲ

全部细菌

Almost all bacteria

 GCT GCC ACC CGT AGG TGT 0/900 [47]
Pla46

浮霉菌门

Planctomycetales

 GAC TTG CAT GCC TAA TCC 25/159 [48]
Amx368

厌氧氨氧化菌

All ANAMMOX organisms

 CCT TTC GGG CAT TGC GAA 15/338 [49]
Amx820

厌氧氨氧化菌

All ANAMMOX organisms

 TAA TTC CCT CTA CTT AGT GCC C 40/56 [50]
Non338

阴性对照

Negative control

 ACT CCT ACG GGA GGC AGC 40/56 [51]
表2  荧光原位杂交常用探针
图3  厌氧氨氧化菌的结构及厌氧氨氧化代谢途径
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