Initiated in the 1920s, the Oriental Cultural Undertakings between China and Japan subsequently lost its balance and were submitted to the domination of Japan due to the aggressive government policy of Japan against China and the consequent deterioration of Sino-Japan relations. It was in this historical background that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan began to dispatch the third supplied students consisting of ″ordinary supplied students″ and ″official students of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs″. As the earliest academic students sent to China, the third ordinary supplied students had been prepared with explicit research subjects and academic devotions before their departure. They audited various courses of Chinese universities, traveled extensively, and exchanged their ideas with Chinese scholars privately or by the help of academic societies. Some of them participated directly in the Japanese war of aggression against China after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. After finishing study abroad, they returned to be employed in the fields of culture, education, politics, economics, military affairs and diplomacy, etc., thus acting as an important force between China and Japan in the 1930s and 1940s. Their activities abroad and home shared common characteristics of the age to varying degrees. Apart from direct military actions, generally they engaged themselves in (1) submitting various reports to the Japanese government and the military as policy reference during their study periods and afterwards; (2) publishing academic papers and works according to their research interests to justify Japanese invasion; and (3) upbringing of younger generations for the aggression in diverse cultural and educational institutions after their return. In short, exerting their talents fully, the third ordinary supplied students devoted themselves to the Japanese War of Aggression against China in different ways. An exploration of the third ordinary supplied students would contribute to a better understanding of modern Sino-Japan relations and Japanese invasion of China.