Initial distribution fairness is a major event in people’s livelihood. In-depth discussion on the satisfaction of the initial distribution fairness has a great theoretical and practical significance in formulating scientific and reasonable income distribution policies by the government, reducing income distribution inequality, improving the satisfaction of income distribution fairness and maintaining social harmony and stability. There is little research on thesatisfaction of the initial distribution fairness in the theoretical circle.The discussions on the factors affecting the satisfaction of distribution fairness is usually limited to the outcome fairness and the recognition of fairness. There is little research on the combination of starting point fairness, procedural fairness and outcome fairness. Considering the differences between urban and rural areas in China in such aspects as starting point fairness, procedural fairness and outcome fairness, this paper constructs a relatively perfect evaluation index system of starting point fairness, procedural fairness and outcome fairness. This paper systematically discusses the influence of starting point fairness, procedural fairness, outcome fairness and their interaction items on the satisfaction of initial distribution fairness, and then draws an instructive research conclusion which is a supplement and improvement to the existing relevant research. In this paper, we put forward the theoretical hypothesis and construct an Ordered Logit model to empirically test the relationship among the starting point fairness、procedural fairness、outcome fairness and the satisfaction of the initial distribution fairness by using 3 109 questionnaire survey data. The research results indicate that: (1) Starting point fairness has a significant influence on the satisfaction of initial distribution fairness. ″The importance of external factors to personal income″ and ″Having been discriminated against″ have a significant negative effect on the satisfaction of initial distribution fairness. ″The more fairness in the basic education, employment, public health and other aspects″, the higher satisfaction of initial distribution fairness that people perceive. (2) Procedural fairness has a significant influence on the satisfaction of initial distribution fairness. ″Having been treated unfairly″ has a significant negative effect on the satisfaction of initial distribution fairness. ″The more tolerable in the corruption phenomenon″ , ″the stronger ability to participate in and discuss politics″, ″the more satisfied with the market competition environment″ , ″the more satisfied with the collective wage negotiation system″ and ″the more satisfied with the integrity of public officers″, the higher satisfaction of initial distribution fairness that people perceive. (3) Outcome fairness has a significant influence on the satisfaction of the initial distribution fairness. ″The more satisfied with the comparison of income and contribution″, ″the higher absolute and relative income levels″, ″the more tolerable in the price rising″ and ″the higher recognition of different pay for same job″, the higher satisfaction of the initial distribution fairness that people perceive. The results also show that: ″The better health and work experience″, the higher satisfaction of initial distribution fairness that people perceive. The results provide important policy implications: First, the realization of starting point fairness (such as the basic education, public health, public infrastructure and other social public resources fairness) is an important way to improve the satisfaction of initial distribution fairness. Second, ensuring procedural fairness (such as competing under the rules of openness and fairness) is a powerful measure to improve the satisfaction of initial distribution fairness. Third, improving the outcome fairness (such as the givings conform to the gains, the contributions conform to the returns, the vulnerable groups can share the fruits of development) is an effective means to improve the satisfaction of initial distribution fairness.