|
|
Historical Studies of Translation: From Paratexts to Metadata |
Geng Qiang, Chen Qiumeng, Qiu Siyi |
Institute of Language Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China |
|
|
Abstract Translation history, which is a branch of history, commonly employs qualitative methods for in-depth, contextual analysis of a limited set of historical texts and archives. This typically results in a somewhat flat interpretation of textual information, which is heavily reliant on the researcher’s ability to establish semantic links. The advent of historical big data presents significant challenges to this traditional paradigm, both epistemologically and methodologically. Digital historiography enables “distant reading” techniques that disrupt the humanities and social sciences’ traditional focus on contextual specificity. Leveraging big data tools can uncover latent semantic patterns and historical development trends that are not readily apparent through conventional qualitative methods. This shift offers a valuable complement to traditional approaches by revealing new insights gained from distant reading of extensive datasets.A key limitation in applying big data to translation history research lies in the absence of specialized datasets. To overcome these limitations, the concept of metadata provides a promising new paradigm. Epistemologically, metadata allow researchers to expand analysis beyond small-scale case studies by treating paratexts around translations as data points within a larger dataset. As such, this shift facilitates a broader and more comprehensive examination of translation history. Methodologically, tools like R language enable the transformation of flat paratexts into multidimensional, structured metadata, thereby enhancing the scope of analysis and opening up new possibilities for research.In a practical application in this vein, over 1,000 translations of literatures from other countries than China especially published in series between 1978 and 1989 were collected and organized into a dataset with 44 distinct fields. Analysis using R language reveals that the majority of translations came from Britain, America, and France, while Russian literature continued to be a major focus. There is a noticeable trend towards the popularization of classic works, and despite the diverse range of translation forms and a vast translator community, only a small proportion of translators are highly active. Additionally, the overall volume of translation activity began to decline after 1987. Further research reveals a theoretical value for the metadata approach which provides important insights into retranslation studies. It helps identify previously overlooked participants in the translation process and clarifies the relationships between translators and their patronages.This R language-based analysis enhances the understanding of translation micro-contexts and reveals long-term historical trends. Overall, the integration of metadata into translation history research signals the beginning of a new era characterized by big data methodologies. This approach not only deepens the study of translation paratexts but also supports the development of robust data infrastructure and offers novel methodologies for interdisciplinary studies.
|
Received: 22 July 2024
|
|
|
|
1 王宏志:《龙与狮的对话:翻译与马戛尔尼访华使团》,上海:东方出版中心,2023年。 2 彭青龙、都岚岚主编:《数字人文导论》,上海:上海交通大学出版社,2024年。 3 刘海涛、隆蝉忆:《从细读到远观:数智时代人文研究的新路向》,《当代修辞学》2024年第3期,第37-50页。 4 Hermans T., Translation and History: A Textbook, London: Routledge, 2022. 5 Rundle C. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Translation History, London: Routledge, 2022. 6 Wakabayashi J., “Digital approaches to translation history,” Translation & Interpreting: The International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2019), pp. 132-145. 7 Fólica L., “Digital humanities and big translation history in the Global South: a Latin American perspective,” World Literature Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3 (2021), pp. 104-116. 8 胡开宝、黑黟:《数字人文视域下翻译研究:特征、领域与意义》,《中国翻译》2020年第2期,第5-15,187页。 9 王赟、张政:《翻译研究新路径:数字人文新释》,《外语教学》2020年第2期,第81-86页。 10 张威、雷璇:《翻译研究的数字人文“转向”:现状与反思》,《中国翻译》2023年第2期,第99-106页。 11 袁筱一、甘露:《数智、翻译与数字人文研究的“任务”》,《外语教学理论与实践》2024年第1期,第9-16页。 12 Tsien T., “Western impact on China through translation,” Far Eastern Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 3 (1954), pp. 305-327. 13 肖超:《翻译出版与学术传播——商务印书馆地理学译著出版史》,北京:商务印书馆,2016年。 14 Rovira-Esteva S., Aixelá J. F. & Olalla-Soler C., “A bibliometric study of co-authorship in translation studies,” Onomázein, No. 47 (2020), pp. 158-194. 15 Zhou X. & Sun S., “Bibliography-based quantitative translation history,” Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 1 (2017), pp. 98-119. 16 朱一凡、秦洪武:《Individualism:一个西方概念在中国的译介与重构——一项基于语料库的研究》,《中国翻译》2018年第3期,第34-43页。 17 耿强、王瑶:《远读与元数据:大数据时代翻译知识传播研究》,《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》2024年第2期,第82-95页。 18 许钧:《关于翻译史研究的几点思考》,《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》2024年第1期,第2-4页。 19 Genette G., Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation, trans. by Lewin J. E., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 20 法]热拉尔·热奈特:《热奈特论文选》,史忠义译,开封:河南大学出版社,2008年。 21 Jansen L. (ed.), The Roman Paratext: Frame, Texts, Readers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 22 Peikola M. & B?s B. (eds.), The Dynamics of Text and Framing Phenomena: Historical Approaches to Paratext and Metadiscourse in English, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. 23 Goswell G. Text and Paratext: Book Order, Title, and Division as Keys to Biblical Interpretation, Bellingham: Lexham Academic, 2022. 24 Kovala U., “Translations, paratextual mediation, and ideological closure,” Target-international Journal of Translation Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1 (1996), pp. 119-147. 25 Gür?a?lar ?. T., “Scouting the borders of translation: pseudotranslation, concealed translations and authorship in twentieth-century Turkey,” Translation Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2010), pp. 172-187. 26 Pellatt V. (ed.), Text, Extratext, Metatext and Paratext in Translation, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013. 27 耿强:《翻译中的副文本及研究:理论、方法、议题与批评》,《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》2016年第5期,第104-112页。 28 耿强:《副文本视角下16至19世纪古典汉诗英译翻译话语研究》,《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》2018年第5期,第104-112页。 29 Batchelor K., Translation and Paratexts, London: Routledge, 2018. 30 Qi L., Jin Ping Mei English Translations: Texts, Paratexts and Contexts, London: Routledge, 2018. 31 Batchelor K., Translation and Paratexts, London: Routledge, 2018. 32 Zeng M. L. & Qin J., Metadata (3rd Edition), Chicago: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2022. 33 Gartner R., Metadata: Shaping Knowledge from Antiquity to the Semantic Web, Cham: Springer, 2016. 34 王晓明:《翻译的政治——从一个侧面看80年代的翻译运动》,见酒井直树、花轮由纪子主编:《西方的幽灵与翻译的政治》,南京:江苏教育出版社,2002年,第275-289页。 35 赵稀方:《翻译与新时期话语实践》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003年。 36 程光炜:《一个被重构的“西方”——从“现代西方学术文库”看八十年代的知识范式》,《当代文坛》2007年第4期,第42-47页。 37 李彤宇:《论八十年代中国的西方科学哲学翻译运动》,《自然辩证法通讯》2013年第5期,第61-70页。 38 Wickham H., ?etinkaya-Rundel M. & Grolemund G., R for Data Science (3rd Edition), Sebastopol: O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2023. 39 Wickham H. & Bryan J., R Packages (2nd edition), Sebastopol: O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2023. 40 叶水夫:《大陆改革开放时期的外国文学翻译工作》,《中国翻译》1993年第1期,第2-5页。 41 罗洛:《话说外国文学》,见本社编:《作家谈译文》,上海:上海译文出版社,1997年,第176-182页。 42 吴岩:《落日秋风》,北京:华夏出版社,1998年。 43 叶水夫:《外国文学名著翻译中的一项奠基性工程——忆〈外国文学名著丛书〉〈外国文艺理论丛书〉和〈马克思主义文艺理论丛书〉的编译出版工作》,《中国翻译》2001年第1期,第54-55页。 44 查建英:《八十年代访谈录》,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2006年。 45 洪子诚:《文学的阅读》,北京:北京出版社,2017年。 46 赵稀方:《翻译与新时期话语实践》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003年。 47 Lefevere A., Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame, London: Routledge, 1992. 48 赵思渊、潘芸淇:《第三章:“利用自然科学提供给我们的一切工具”——明清社会经济史研究中的议题、史料、数字工具》,见蒋杰主编:《数字人文与史学研究》,上海:上海三联书店,2023年,第39-52页。 49 邱伟云:《验证、修正、创新:数字史学方法的三重功能》,《南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学)》2019年第2期,第87-90页。 50 Saldanha G. & O’Brien S., Research Methodologies in Translation Studies, London: Routledge, 2014. 51 Albachten ?. B. & Gür?a?lar ?. T. (eds.), Perspectives on Retranslation: Ideology, Paratexts, Methods, New York and London: Routledge, 2019. 52 耿强、宋雪婷:《中国翻译文学中的微观赞助网络研究(1978—1989)》,《外语教学》2025年第3期,第78-85页。 |
[1] |
. [J]. , 2002, 22(5): 110-. |
|
|
|
|