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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2023, Vol. 53 Issue (6): 58-70    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2022.11.211
跨学科与交叉学科栏目:神经科学与美学研究 最新目录| 下期目录| 过刊浏览| 高级检索 |
美学、艺术与神经科学的交融互鉴
孟凡君
吉林大学 文学院,吉林 长春 130012
Union and Mutual Learning Between Aesthetics, Arts and Neuroscience: A General Review and Reflection on Zeki’s Neuroaesthetics
Meng Fanjun
School of Humanities, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China

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摘要 神经美学作为美学、艺术与神经科学交融互鉴而产生的新兴领域,正在逐步纳入美学与艺术研究的历史传统,形成汇流发展的趋势。泽基和主要神经美学研究者的总体成果为提炼与分析“艺术脑”与“生物脑”、“审美脑”与“情绪脑”四个基本概念的含义和关系,提供了坚实的支撑。由此,神经美学的核心观念、基本方法和主要问题得以深度呈现,审美与艺术的内部规律、相互区别、关联范畴等问题的探索也获得了崭新的思路。经过实证立论与辩证批判,神经美学还面临着多方面的挑战。在前提性的反思和回应式的辩护中,形而下与形而上相结合的融合式研究方法,特别是不同美学流派视角相综合的整体研究理念,应当成为未来神经美学发展的重要参照。
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孟凡君
关键词 泽基神经美学艺术脑审美脑意识情绪跨学科研究整体研究    
Abstract:Is it possible to incorporate the academic output of neuroaesthetics into the historical tradition of aesthetics and art research, and thus create a new landmark? This question involves the value of a new discipline. Answering it requires both empirical exploration and dialectical reflection in the interdisciplinary research of aesthetics and art. Semir Zeki’s research on neuroaesthetics provides a typical example. In analyzing the relationship between artistic brain and biological brain and that between aesthetic brain and emotional brain, I argue that the combination of physical and metaphysical methodology and the integration of different aesthetic schools and perspectives constitute the basic methods of the interdisciplinary research of aesthetics.In his article “On Neuroaesthetics”, Li Zehou identifies neuroaesthetics as an extension of practical aesthetics and believes it to be of great innovation. Li believes that neuroaesthetics is an important direction of practical aesthetics, on which practical aesthetics places its hope with best endorsement, and that neuroaesthetics is a major exploration of aesthetic psychology in practical aesthetics. In recent Western handbooks and guidelines of aesthetics, cognitive science and neuroscience have been included and become a source of thinking and innovation in the study of aesthetics. The combination of aesthetics, art and neuroscience has taken shape.Looking back on the major achievements of neuroaesthetics in the past 3 decades, especially Semir Zeki’s research approach to neuroaesthetics, we propose two ontological concepts: artistic brain and aesthetic brain. In the analysis of relationship of artistic brain and biological brain, neuroaesthetics reveals the neurobiological basis in art creation and appreciation. Categorization, formalization, signification, technology and practicality in the neurobiological process of artistic activities has distinguished artistic brain from biological brain and aesthetic brain. The analysis of the relationship between aesthetic brain and emotional brain has shown the functional value of emotional brain as the core area of aesthetic brain. At the same time, we point out the limit of the definition of beauty with the functional attribute of emotional brain. The possibility of offering a metaphysical definition of beauty lies in the advancement of the study of emotion, conscious, and neuroscience, and also on the dialectical interpretation of these neurobiological basis. Neuroscience has expanded itself in aesthetics and art, which promotes the unity of these subjects.Previous research shows the triple challenges in the generation and development of neuroaesthetics. Firstly, how to consider and tackle the tension between the finite variables in a lab environment and the infinite variables of subjective value judgment in the humanities? Secondly, how to understand the tension between the correlative conclusion of aesthetic stimulation, judgment and generation observed in a current lab environment and the causative inquiry required by natural science, social sciences and the humanities? Thirdly, how to tackle the challenge of neuroaesthetics in incorporating complex subject statement (sociocultural environment, spatial environment and physical body) and dialectical inquiry into an experiment during the pursuit of aesthetic emotion? A holistic and multi-cultural perspective offers some relief to these challenges and new solutions are conceived in novel empirical studies and dialectical reflections.
Key wordsZeki    Neuroaesthetics    artistic brain    aesthetic brain    consciousness    emotion    interdisciplinary study    holistic study   
收稿日期: 2022-11-21     
基金资助:国家社科基金后期资助项目(21FWZB092);吉林省社科基金项目(2021C102)
作者简介: 孟凡君(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-5246),男,吉林大学文学院副教授,吉林大学认知美学与美育研究中心副主任,浙江大学当代马克思主义美学研究中心兼职研究员,硕士生导师,文学博士,主要从事认知神经美学、马克思主义美学研究;
引用本文:   
孟凡君. 美学、艺术与神经科学的交融互鉴[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2023, 53(6): 58-70. Meng Fanjun. Union and Mutual Learning Between Aesthetics, Arts and Neuroscience: A General Review and Reflection on Zeki’s Neuroaesthetics. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2023, 53(6): 58-70.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2022.11.211     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2023/V53/I6/58
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