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论家庭信托的历史发展及其当代价值
李有星 杨得兵
On the Historical Development and Contemporary Value of Family Trust
Li Youxing Yang Debing

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摘要 

家庭信托是最早的一种信托形式,是人们运用用益方法处分土地这种家庭财产的产物。在用益制的结构中,委托人、受托人和受益人三者之间关联互动,构成土地用益关系的基本要素。在用益制发展的早期,普通法只承认委托人与受托人之间土地转让行为的法律效力,但受益人与受托人之间的用益关系仍属道德调整的范畴。衡平法兴起之后,才逐渐将受托人与受益人之间的关系界定为法律关系,后又以判例形式确认了“双重用益”的有效性,家庭信托由此产生。基于信托的财产隔离功能,设立家庭信托的家庭财产与委托人、受托人和受益人的其他财产相区隔,避免了财产混同和损失。家庭信托早期主要用于家庭财产安排,而在当今社会的价值则体现在家族财富和事业的传承上。土地财产管理是家庭信托的一种原始基础功能,信托机构可将其应用于我国家庭土地财产的管理。

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李有星 杨得兵
关键词 家庭信托用益制法律结构家族财富传承家族事业家庭土地信托经营    
Abstract

Family trust which stemmed from Use is the earliest form of trust. Originally,Use was a way of disposing of family land,in which sense that Use was designed and applied. Religion played a significant role in the popularization of Use. In the structure of Use,the relationship between the trustor,trustee and beneficiary was interactive,which constituted the essential elements of Use. The common law only admitted the legal effect of land transfer between the trustor and trustee in the early stage of Use. Nevertheless,the usufruct relations between the trustee and beneficiary were still adjusted in the scope of morals. After the rise of equity,the court of chancery gradually defined the relationship between the trustee and beneficiary as a kind of legal relationship. Thus the beneficial right of trustee was recognized by law. Later on,the validity of ″use on use″ was confirmed by judicial precedent. As a result,family trust came into being. The family trust was mainly used for the settlement of family property in the early days. In today’s society,its value is reflected in the inheritance of family wealth and family business. As far as wealth inheritance is concerned,the risk isolation function of trust makes trust property separate from other property of the trustor and trustee,thereby avoiding the hotchpot. Some unfavorable factors would not affect the independent existence of trust property,such as the trustor’s death,marriage and family changes. Hence,family trust makes the trust property under the steady control of trustee,which forms the foundation for the inheritance of family wealth. The continuation of family firm is the basic form of inheritance of family business. Nevertheless,there are considerable risks in the inheritance of family firm. In the model of family trust,although the equity may be reassigned,the family firm won’t be broken up,and won’t fluctuate greatly because of family changes,which ensures the integrity and stability of profitability and anti-risk ability. A tide of family inheritance will appear in the next 5 to 10 years in China. It is a problem how to achieve the inheritance of family wealth and family business. Family trust can provide a sound solution for us. In fact,the family trust,as a classic mode of inheritance of family wealth and family business,is very popular among the rich in European and American developed countries. There are quite a few entrepreneurs from mainland China who have established their family trusts overseas. It is the original and basic function of family trust to manage land,which can be used by trust companies to run farmers’ land in our country. It is called family land trust. As a trustee,the trust company which acquires farmers’ transfer of contractual operation right of rural land should manage the land on behalf of the farmers themselves and their family members. It would help the trust companies expand their business,which will bring profit growth in future. At the same time, the farmers can obtain the stable income from their land. Furthermore,the family land trust is of help to promote the circulation,intensive management and large-scale operation of rural land.

    
引用本文:   
李有星 杨得兵. 论家庭信托的历史发展及其当代价值[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2016, 2(1): 172-. Li Youxing Yang Debing. On the Historical Development and Contemporary Value of Family Trust. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2016, 2(1): 172-.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2016/V2/I1/172
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