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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2022, Vol. 49 Issue (5): 623-632    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.05.014
城市科学     
限购政策对杭州新建商品住宅价格的影响
张凌(),朱丽妃
浙江大学 建筑工程学院,浙江 杭州 310058
A study on the impacts of purchase restriction policy on Hangzhou housing prices: Based on regression discontinuity analysis
Ling ZHANG(),Lifei ZHU
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China
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摘要:

断点回归(regression discontinuity,RD)是检验因果关系的有效方法,近年来,其在宏观政策评价中的应用越来越广泛。2016年G20峰会召开、货币政策调整等利好导致杭州房地产市场过快增长,杭州市政府于同年9月重启限购政策,并于2017年3月加大限购力度,限购范围扩大至杭州市户籍居民家庭。从实证角度研究了限购政策对新建住宅价格的影响。结果表明,限购政策均对新建商品住宅价格产生了具统计学意义的显著负向影响,2次降幅分别为400.26元和4 082.2元。回归模型通过了有效性检验,且在不同的阶数、核函数、带宽下具有稳健性,说明杭州市住房限购政策的实施在短期内对投资性购房需求起到了一定的抑制作用。

关键词: 限购令政策评价断点回归    
Abstract:

In recent years, the regression discontinuity (RD) method has been used more and more widely in macro policy evaluation, and it is considered to be one of the effective methods to test causality. In 2016, faced with the overheated growth of the real estate market brought about by the G20 summit and monetary policy adjustments, the Hangzhou Municipal Government restarted the purchase restriction in September and strengthened its efforts in March 2017 by extending the restriction to local households. This article studies the impact of the two round of purchase restrictions on the market price of newly-built commercial housing from an empirical point of view. It shows that the purchase restriction measures have a statistically significant negative effect on the price of newly built houses, and the two respective declines were respectively 400.26 yuan and 4 082.2 yuan. At the same time, the model has passed the validity test and is robust under different polynomial orders, kernel functions, and bandwidths, indicating that the implementation of housing purchase restrictions in Hangzhou has at least restrained the demand for speculative and investment property purchases in the short term.

Key words: house purchase restriction    policy evaluation    regression discontinuity
收稿日期: 2021-06-25 出版日期: 2022-09-14
CLC:  F 426  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72174178)
作者简介: 张凌(1972—),ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-2602,女,博士,副教授,主要从事房地产投资管理研究,E-mail:zlcivil@163.com.
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引用本文:

张凌,朱丽妃. 限购政策对杭州新建商品住宅价格的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2022, 49(5): 623-632.

Ling ZHANG,Lifei ZHU. A study on the impacts of purchase restriction policy on Hangzhou housing prices: Based on regression discontinuity analysis. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2022, 49(5): 623-632.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.05.014        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2022/V49/I5/623

图1  杭州市新建商品住宅月成交均价及成交套数数据来源:克而瑞房地产信息数据库。
变量名称单位均值方差最小值最大值
因变量成交单价19 748.4410 805.591 321101 200

建筑特征楼层11.8567.985148
建筑面积m2109.78636.106201 118
容积率%2.4600.6940.367.3
车位配比1.0730.2550.273.6
邻里特征与地铁站的距离m1.0551.101-2.6943.288
与最近重点小学的距离m0.3600.848-2.1622.360
与最近三甲医院的距离m1.5380.799-1.8993.510
1 km内大学数0.0460.28405
1 km内景点数0.0210.14401
1 km内便利店数13.81713.030077
1 km内超市数7.8958.673092
3 km内购物中心数1.9952.191016
区位特征与西湖的距离m2.5290.4820.526 9333.747 86
与钱江新城的距离m2.5840.540-0.080 1173.775 52
表1  相关变量描述性统计
核函数加入协变量不加入协变量
一阶二阶一阶二阶
均匀

-207.68

h=3.567

44.329

h=12.970

-1 295.5***

h=6.443

-1 179.6***

h=15.057

三角

-234.24**

h=4.333

-400.26***

h=10.370

-1 428.6***

h=7.061

-1 594.3***

h=17.977

表2  2016年9月限购政策下非参数回归结果
变量系数标准误差tP>|t|
Adjusted R20.785 5
HPRi-207.680136.577-1.520.128
xi-c221.927***70.2093.160.000
HPRi(xi-c)818.622***81.34610.060.000
楼层9.421**4.1462.270.023
成交面积3.342***0.8403.980.000
容积率950.264***59.02216.100.000
车位配比5 499.054***147.74237.220.000
与西湖的距离-17 645.510***175.958-100.280.000
与钱江新城的距离243.276*125.7991.930.053
与地铁站的距离-893.308***44.233-20.200.000
1 km内大学数2 517.613***164.50415.300.000
1 km内景点数-2273.025***221.310-10.270.000
与最近重点小学的距离562.385***47.58411.820.000
与最近三甲医院的距离1 698.243***77.04322.040.000
1 km内便利店数量-69.545***2.907-23.920.000
1 km内超市数量25.073***4.9075.110.000
3 km内购物中心数量749.720***23.50331.900.000
(常数)51 848.410***414.777125.000.000
表3  2016年9月限购政策下参数回归结果
图2  2016年9月限购政策下断点回归结果拟合结果
图3  最优带宽内一阶、二阶局部拟合回归结果
类型加入协变量不加入协变量
断点效应样本量断点效应样本量
小户型-502.03***27 243-1 560.1***39 961
中户型666.87***25 953-1 375.8***27 189
大户型-1 277.9***8 124-4 106.5***8 124
表4  2016年9月限购政策对不同户型住宅价格的影响
图4  2016年9月限购政策对不同户型住宅房价的影响效果
图5  “甜甜圈”效应检验结果
图6  不同带宽下稳健性检验结果
核函数加入协变量不加入协变量
一阶二阶一阶二阶
均匀

-3 680.9***

h=3.502

-3 504.5***

h=7.648

-6 196.0***

h=4.977

-3 855.7***

h=15.966

三角

-1 755.7***

h=9.497

-4 082.2***

h=7.923

-4 275.8***

h=11.046

-4 980.3***

h=15.289

表5  2017年3月限购政策下非参数回归结果
图7  2017年3月限购政策下断点回归拟合结果
类型加入协变量不加入协变量
断点效应样本量断点效应样本量
小户型-561.6***16 3671 352.1***29 189
中户型-3 418.4**12 817-7 374.0***28 319
大户型-5 395.2***9 870-15 198.0***10 392
表6  2017年3月限购政策对不同户型住宅价格的影响
图8  2017年3月限购政策对不同户型住宅价格的影响效果
图9  大江东新建商品住宅月成交量
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