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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2022, Vol. 49 Issue (4): 498-507    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.04.014
地球科学     
陕甘宁革命老区生态系统服务价值时空分异及影响因素研究
朱相君(),薛亮()
陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
Research on the spatial and temporal variations and influencing factors of ecosystem service value in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Region
Xiangjun ZHU(),Liang XUE()
School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710119,China
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摘要:

陕甘宁革命老区是黄土高原和黄河中上游的重点生态治理区,作为重要的生态屏障区,其生态治理意义重大。以陕甘宁革命老区为研究区域,基于改进的生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)当量因子法,利用地理探测器及地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)模型,分析1995—2018年各县ESV时空变化特征、影响因素及各主导因素作用强度的空间分异特征。结果表明:(1)1995—2018年,陕甘宁革命老区ESV呈先下降后上升的特征,整体呈上升趋势,草地与林地对该区域ESV的贡献较大;(2)ESV空间等级转化呈现较显著的两极变化趋势,其中低级、高级ESV区域面积显著扩张,较高级ESV区域面积明显缩减;(3)地被覆盖度、人口密度、垦殖系数是ESV空间分异的主导因素,平均空间解释力超过0.378 0,自然、社会、经济因素间的交互协同增强了其对陕甘宁革命老区ESV的影响程度;(4)各主导因素对ESV的影响程度表现出空间异质性,其中地被覆盖度及垦殖系数的影响程度由东向西递减,人均GDP和人口密度的影响程度则由西向东递减。

关键词: 生态系统服务价值(ESV)地理探测器地理加权回归(GWR)模型影响因素陕甘宁革命老区    
Abstract:

The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Region is a key ecological management area in the Loess Plateau and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. As an important ecological barrier area, its ecological governance is of great significance. Based on the improved equivalent factor method, geographic detectors and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, this research choose Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Region as the research area and analyzed the ESV changes, influencing factors and dominant factors of ESV of each county from 1995 to 2018. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 1995 to 2018, the ecosystem service value (ESV) of this region showed a characteristics of first decreasing and then rising, but the overall trend is increasing. Among them, the forest land and grassland contributed more to the ESV of the region; (2) The spatial feature of ESV level conversion presents obvious two extremes, low-level and high-level ESV regions are significantly expanding and the area of sub-high regions is significantly reduced; (3) The main factors leading to the spatial differentiation of ESV are land cover, population density and reclamation coefficient, and their spatial explanatory power exceed to 0.378 0. The interaction and synergy among natural, social and economic factors has enhanced the effects on ESV in the region; (4) The impact of each dominant factor on ESV shows spatial heterogeneity. Among them, the impact of land cover degree and reclamation coefficient decreases from east to west, while the impact of per capita GDP and population density decreases from west to east.

Key words: ecosystem service value (ESV)    geographic detector    GWR model    influencing factors    Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Region
收稿日期: 2021-04-15 出版日期: 2022-07-13
CLC:  X 171  
基金资助: 陕西省社会科学基金项目(2019D045)
通讯作者: 薛亮     E-mail: 2236819681@qq.com;brxue@snnu.edu.cn
作者简介: 朱相君(1996—),ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-012X,女,硕士研究生,主要从事3S集成与应用研究,E-mail:2236819681@qq.com.
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引用本文:

朱相君,薛亮. 陕甘宁革命老区生态系统服务价值时空分异及影响因素研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2022, 49(4): 498-507.

Xiangjun ZHU,Liang XUE. Research on the spatial and temporal variations and influencing factors of ecosystem service value in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Region. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2022, 49(4): 498-507.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.04.014        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2022/V49/I4/498

图1  陕甘宁革命老区概况底图来源于自然资源部网站(http://www.mnr.gov.cn),审图号:GS(2020)4635,底图无修改。
一级服务功能二级服务功能耕地林地草地水域未利用地
合计6.4823.069.4937.191.14
供给服务食物生产0.820.270.270.430.02
原材料生产0.322.440.300.290.03
调节服务气体调节0.593.541.230.420.05
气候调节0.803.341.281.690.11
水文调节0.633.351.2515.390.06
废物处理1.141.411.0812.180.21
支持服务土壤保持1.213.301.840.340.14
维持生物多样性0.843.701.532.810.33
文化服务提供美学景观0.141.710.713.640.20
表1  陕甘宁革命老区单位面积ESV当量表
q值比较交互作用类型
q(x1?x2)<min(q(x1),q(x2))非线性减弱
min(q(x1),q(x2))<q(x1?x2)<max(q(x1),q(x2))

单因子非线性

减弱

q(x1?x2)>max(q(x1),q(x2))双因子增强
q(x1?x2)=q(x1)+q(x2)独立
q(x1?x2)>q(x1)+q(x2)非线性增强
表2  自变量间的交互作用类型
年份ESV/亿元
耕地森林草地水域未利用地合计
平均比重/%22.8836.9837.941.980.22100.00
1995508.43818.15852.8449.917.272 236.61
2005507.88804.14785.3040.913.752 141.98
2015509.34762.92785.4242.814.232 104.72
2018480.58863.91912.5639.753.832 300.64
表3  不同生态系统类型的ESV
年份ESV/亿元
供给服务调节服务支持服务文化服务合计

食物

生产

原材料

生产

气体

调节

气候

调节

水文

调节

废物

处理

土壤

保持

维持生物

多样性

提供美学景观合计
199598.97138.93283.47298.78301.62254.51378.02340.57141.732 236.61
200596.66135.15272.26286.84286.75242.24362.33325.64134.112 141.98
201596.39130.89266.12281.20281.73240.70356.81319.52131.372 104.72
201897.52144.09295.44309.25309.03255.25390.43352.21147.422 300.64
表4  不同生态系统服务功能的ESV
年份面积变化/km2
低级较低级中级较高级高级
199510 430.4141 583.1266 638.0543 221.2912 087.12
200525 423.3554 206.9143 974.1529 210.8821 155.86
201529 660.6959 266.0740 472.7036 329.518 240.79
201827 888.0640 090.1562 400.0811 975.8931 498.91
表5  不同等级ESV区域面积变化
探测值X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11
q0.142 00.201 40.262 90.400 50.231 20.035 60.066 00.060 60.089 20.391 90.341 5
p0.015 10.026 10.018 300.015 20.022 10.281 40.217 60.133 500.007 0
表6  地理探测器探测结果
交互探测X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11
X10.142 0
X20.729 10.201 4
X30.356 90.548 50.262 9
X40.788 10.582 70.736 10.400 5
X50.729 90.562 50.683 50.633 40.231 2
X60.371 80.576 70.381 90.795 30.653 80.035 6
X70.466 20.637 90.427 40.641 40.580 40.151 40.066 0
X80.403 60.563 40.512 40.731 60.617 70.301 10.334 90.060 6
X90.662 90.423 90.521 50.750 10.570 50.450 10.419 70.466 20.089 2
X100.739 20.699 00.628 60.842 70.745 10.650 90.609 10.742 20.834 30.391 9
X110.603 20.802 30.715 00.793 30.725 90.687 60.704 50.572 40.714 20.756 10.341 5
表7  ESV空间分异驱动因素的交互探测q值
模型AICcR2调整R2
OLS552.381 50.620 80.643 8
GWR540.693 10.786 40.734 4
表8  GWR与OLS模型拟合效果对比
图2  生态系统服务价值影响因素的空间异质性
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