The machines driven by pneumatic are widely used in manufacturing industry, especially in press machines, because of their high efficiency, low cost and no pollution to environment. However, pneumatic press machines generally only work in lower pressure due to the leak of air. It is this critical disadvantage that makes their application limited. Therefore, the primary problem confronting designers is how to increase output force and output performance of pneumatic press machine. The creative design idea presented enables designer to follow some thinking procedure and reconstruct pneumatic press machines with different structure and different function by merely changing connection forms, amount and configuration between cylinder with rodless piston and force amplifier toggle to satisfy the requirements of configurable layout of press machines, mult-positioned, large output force and varying output force in producing process. Some innovative design illustrations are presented as well as their simplified calculating formula and performance analysis.

With the increase of train speed, the requirement of fatigue reliability of components of trains is higher and higher. Based on fatigue life prediction theory, fatigue life curve of dangerous points of wheels under force of a certain locomotive was established. By taking the data from measurement and finite element analysis as basic parameters, fatigue life prediction of wheels under constant amplitude loading and random load spectrum was carried out by adopting linear cumulative damage rule and Monte-Carlo simulation, and the relationship curve between reliability and distance under different road conditions was obtained, which provides theoretical basis for security maintenance of trains. Moreover, it is of great practical significance for secure operation of trains. 

To adapt to testability analysis and evaluation of complex equipment in its whole life cycle, hierarchical model is usually adopted in testability model. Aiming at the conflict of failure mode probability and signal (functional) probability, two probability updating algorithms are put forward. Then, the updating process of failure mode probability for testability model of an equipment module is illustrated, which proves that our method is effective and it can increase the accuracy of testability analysis and evaluation, and meanwhile provides more reliable reference for model modification and fault diagnosis strategy generation．

The basis steps of a 2D crack analysis finite element software FRANC2D/L in simulating fatigue crack growth was introduced and this software was utilized to simulate the process of fatigue crack growth of center holeedge cracks on finite plate. Comparing the simulation curves with the experimental data, the two results agree well, which proves the reliability of this method in simulating fatigue crack growth. By employing FRANC2D/L in simulating fatigue crack growth of MSD with multiple collinear holes on finite plate, the relationship curve between length of each hole-edge crack and fatigue growth life is obtained. The simulation result shows that, under the same circumstance, the fatigue growth life of center hole-edge crack on finite plate is much higher than the one of center hole-edge crack in MSD structure; the fatigue growth lives of each hole-edge crack in MSD structure are different because they have suffered different effects. In addition, the paper also presents the process of fatigue crack growth of multiple MSD cracks without and with main crack. The result shows that the coalescence behavior tends to happen in MSD cracks with main crack and then lends to destruction of the structure．

 Based on Bingham model, the torque formula of drum-type magnetorheological brake (MRB) is presented, and the coupling relationship between its structure and magnetic circuit is analyzed. Then an integrated optimization design method for the brake is proposed, which takes maximizing braking torque and minimizing brake weight as optimizaiton objective. The optimization solution is obtained by parameterized finite element analysis of ANSYS and then the optimal design scheme is obtained. The simulation results show that the design scheme of MRB can meet not only the braking torque requirements, but also the design demands of magnetic circuit. Finally the input-output relationship of the brake is analyzed in detail．

Surrogate model is a key technology for complex engineering optimization design. EGO algorithm, a Bayesian analysis optimization algorithm based on Kriging surrogate model, makes use of the EI function to select the next sampling point to ensure the global convergence. An improved EGO algorithm was proposed due to the shortcomings of original algorithm. Four representative numerical and one engineering examples were selected to test the improved EGO algorithm's performance. Finally, comparison of the improved EGO and other algorithms was conducted from the aspect of convergence efficiency and accuracy. The results show that the improved EGO algorithm is more efficient than the original one when the optimization process reaches the same accuracy and superior to response surface optimization algorithm in accuracy and converging efficiency. The method has strong adaptability and good engineering practical value．

An irregular parts optimal layout method based on artificial neural networks （ANN） was proposed. Firstly the layout problem was connected with the manufacture process, and each side of the polygon was expanded to preserve machining allowance. Then selforganizing mapping （SOM） and Hopfield ANN were integrated. SOM ANN was adopted to translate the irregular parts which originally randomly distributed on the sheet to gradually decrease the overlapping area between irregular parts. As a result, the best location of each part was obtained. Hopfield ANN was utilized to rotate the translated parts. During iteration calculation, when the power function reached stable state, the optimal rotating angle of each part was obtained and automatic layout was realized. The algorithm can solve irregular parts layout problem and rectangular parts layout problem in the given layout region. Illustrations indicate that this algorithm is effective and practical．

A novel flexure hinge—half hybrid flexure hinge with right circular corner was presented. Based on Castigliano's second theorem, compliance equations of the novel flexure hinge were formulated. Theoretical calculation and finite element simulation of some illustration were conducted simultaneously; the similar results were obtained which demonstrated the validity of the compliance equations. Furthermore, the performance of half right circular corner filleted flexure hinge was analyzed, including the effect of its geometric parameters on its performance. Compared with symmetrical right circular corner filleted flexure hinge, the compliance and sensitivity to the load of half right circular corner filleted flexure hinge were better than those of symmetric right circular corner filleted flexure hinge. The above results provide a new idea for the applications of flexure hinge, which is used in compact structure and structure with large displacement．

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to diagnose multiple faults by optimal single fault sequential test, a new sequential testing algorithm for multi-fault diagnosis based on optimal single fault test strategy is presented by employing the concepts of multi-fault ambiguity groups put forward by Grunberg etc. This algorithm takes the minimal hitting sets of multi-fault state sets as fault states to generate the optimal singlefault strategy. By taking the multifault state sets of each leaf node in decision-making tree as evaluating standards, system state can be determined, and then system diagnosis under the assumption of multiple faults is completed. Compared with the strategy of successively employing single-fault diagnosis, the efficiency of diagnosis is increased. Finally the real system on some active spacecraft was taken as an instance to demonstrate the validity of the strategy. 

 Worm-gear transmission is widely used in mechanical equipments. Due to the fact that worm gear tooth surface is a complex spatial surface, an accurate solid model is indispensable to obtain correct result for contact analysis through FEA method. A new method for modeling solid model of worm-gear in SolidWorks is proposed based on bicubic B-spline interpolated surface. It includes the following steps: calculating a set of points to be interpolated from the theoretical formulae of worm-gear tooth surface by VC++; reconstructing the interpolated bicubic B-spline surface by calculating the corresponding set of control vertexes; importing the resulting surface into SolidWorks in ACIS files to complete the remaining modeling work. Different from the published methods, this method can control the accuracy of surface freely, and therefore there exists no system errors. A ZA worm is calculated as an illustration and the obtained result is compared with the ones from the published methods．

Utilizing ANSYS as analyzing platform, research on modal characteristic of rotating wheeldisc by taking into account of stress stiffening effect was carried out. The variation rules of rotating wheel-disc's modal frequencies and vibration modes were revealed under different rotating speeds. The results show that the modal frequencies increase with the increase of rotating speed, and increment is proportional to the square of rotating speed when rotating speed varies in a certain scope. Furthermore, the concept of frequency influence coefficient was introduced and a simplified formula of calculating the dynamic modal frequencies was put forward with its application range. It can conclude that the first vibration mode may possibly change with the increase of rotating speed under a certain condition．

To make the analysis result of finite element model have good correlation with the corresponding measured result and ensure that the calculated result can effectively predict measurement result to guide practical construction, a contrast analysis between measured results of experiment model and calculation results of finite element model of a suspendome was carried out. The difference between numerical model and actual structure was found, and key cause resulting in the difference was identified.Then a algorithm of modifying finite element model based on measured value was provided. Calculation results of the modified finite element model and that of initial finite element model were compared with the measured value of actual experiment structure respectively, and the results show that the former accords with measured value better, and the proposed model can describe actual structure more accurately．

Flexible hinges are widely used as one of the essential components to micro-motion robotics. To analyze the output displacement performance of compliant parallel four-bar mechanism （CPFBM）, used as a precise transmission element, a mathematical model, which can be used to calculate the output displacement of CPFBM composed of right-angle-notch flexible hinges, was established by the approximate differential equation of the deflection curve based on the bending theory in strength of materials. A simple model of CPFBM was made and the theoretical value of the model was calculated by using the mathematic software MATLAB 7.0. Meanwhile, finite element analysis of the model was carried out by ANSYS 10.0. A sample piece was made by wire cutting for experimental purpose. The value of the sample piece obtained from the calculation of the mathematical model and from the finite element simulation met well, but the value from the experiment was obviously different from the theoretical value. Moreover, the sources of error were traced and existence of error was validated. In summary, the mathematical model proposed above has high value for reference to stroke displacement optimization design of CPFBM．

 Design of a novel wideband microstrip triangular patch antenna was proposed, in which the dualband operation was realized by loading a pair of narrow slots paralleled to the side edges of the equilateral triangular patch. Furthermore, by embedding a pair of narrow slots paralleled to the bottom edge, a tunable frequency ratio of the two frequencies was achieved by simulation and broadband operation of the triangular microstrip antenna near its fundamental resonant mode was realized. The proposed antenna was fabricated and measured, the results show that the proposed antenna achieved a bandwidth (VSWR<2) of 4.46 times and a size reduction of 9.3% compared to the conventional one. The measurement results are in great agreement with the simulation results, which demonstrates its validity．

With rapid development of social economy, dependence of every industry on electric power is stronger and stronger. Meanwhile, the height of ground construction rises unceasingly and low topography is filled, which has brought hidden trouble for security of part of the ultrahigh voltage transmission line. So the enhancement of these charged transmission lines become inevitable. This paper introduced the design thought of enhancement technology of ultrahigh voltage transmission line and the structure and function of the elevating frame was presented. Finally the stability of the elevating frame was checked．