Elasticity decay characterization analysis and life prediction of wave spring based on creep model

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.174

Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

2025, Vol. 32

Issue (3): 413-420 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.174

Basic Parts Design

Elasticity decay characterization analysis and life prediction of wave spring based on creep model

Haitao QIU¹(

),Xiaoyan WANG¹,Dingguo HU²,Yang HU²,Shuangxi LI²(

)

^1.AECC Hunan Powerplant Research Institute, Zhuzhou 412002, China
^2.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

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Abstract

In a high-temperature environment, the elasticity of wave spring will be attenuated due to the spring stress relaxation and material aging, which will affect the sealing effect and even cause the sealing device to fail to operate normally. For this reason, based on the test data of wave spring elasticity decay, a numerical analysis model of wave spring elasticity decay was established by using the creep model. The influence of temperature and initial elasticity on the wave spring elasticity decay was investigated, and a prediction method for the wave spring life was proposed based on the Arrhenius model. The research results showed that the elasticity loss rate of wave spring increased significantly with the increase of temperature. The larger the initial elasticity was, the higher the elasticity loss rate was, and the elasticity decay process was divided into two stages of sharp decrease and slow decrease. The established life prediction model could accurately predict the service life of wave spring. The research results provide a basis for the reliability design and life prediction of wave spring in engineering applications.

Key words： sealing performance wave spring stress relaxation elasticity decay life prediction

Received: 24 October 2024 Published: 02 July 2025

CLC:

TH 135

Corresponding Authors: Shuangxi LI E-mail: 1441318633@qq.com;buctlsx@126. com

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Cite this article:

Haitao QIU,Xiaoyan WANG,Dingguo HU,Yang HU,Shuangxi LI. Elasticity decay characterization analysis and life prediction of wave spring based on creep model. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2025, 32(3): 413-420.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.174 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2025/V32/I3/413

基于蠕变模型的波形弹簧弹力衰减特性分析及寿命预测研究

在高温环境下，波形弹簧的弹力会因弹簧应力松弛、材料老化等而衰减，从而影响密封效果，甚至导致密封装置无法正常运行。为此，基于波形弹簧弹力衰减试验数据，采用蠕变模型，建立了波形弹簧弹力衰减数值分析模型。研究了温度及初始弹力对波形弹簧弹力衰减的影响，并基于Arrhenius模型提出了波形弹簧寿命预测方法。研究结果表明，波形弹簧的弹力损失率随着温度的升高显著增大；初始弹力越大，弹力损失率越大，且弹力衰减过程分为急剧减小和缓慢减小等2个阶段；所建立的波形弹簧寿命预测模型能够准确预测波形弹簧的服役寿命。研究结果为波形弹簧在工程应用中的可靠性设计和寿命预测提供了依据。

关键词： 密封性能, 波形弹簧, 应力松弛, 弹力衰减, 寿命预测

Fig.1 Application of wave spring in seal

Fig.2 Schematic of structure of wave spring

Fig.3 Flowchart for wave spring elasticity decay analysis

Fig.4 Compression testing machine

Table 1 Structural parameters of wave spring for test

Fig.5 Test curves of wave spring elasticity decay at different temperatures

Fig.6 Variation curves of wave spring stress with time

Table 2 Parameters of creep constitutive equation

Fig.7 Mesh division of wave spring

Fig.8 Schematic of boundary condition of wave spring

Fig.9 Stress distribution nephogram of wave spring under different compression levels

Fig.10 Elasticity decay curves of wave spring obtained through simulation and test

Fig.11 Simulation curves of wave spring elasticity decay at different temperatures

T/K	F₀/N	F₁/N	$(? F / F$ ₀)/%
298	11.48	11.09	3.40
373	11.48	11.07	3.57
423	11.48	11.05	3.75
573	11.48	11.02	4.01
723	11.48	10.99	4.27

Table 3 Elasticity loss rates of wave spring at different temperatures

Fig.12 Relationship between elasticity loss rate and logarithm of time

T/K	阶段	回归方程	R²
298	阶段1	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.007 ? 122 ? 5 l n t + 0.019 ? 884 ? 6$	0.981 93
298	阶段2	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.000 ? 868 ? 9 l n t + 0.029 ? 553 ? 6$	0.972 22
373	阶段1	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.007 ? 536 ? 8 l n t + 0.020 ? 402 ? 0$	0.991 62
373	阶段2	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.000 ? 997 ? 4 l n t + 0.030 ? 684 ? 6 ?$	0.990 08
423	阶段1	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.007 ? 752 ? 4 l n t + 0.021 ? 986 ? 7$	0.987 76
423	阶段2	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.000 ? 730 ? 7 l n t + 0.033 ? 331 ? 6$	0.920 95
573	阶段1	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.008 ? 205 ? 8 l n t + 0.024 ? 859 ? 1$	0.997 56
573	阶段2	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.000 ? 814 ? 1 l n t + 0.035 ? 727 ? 0$	0.977 76
723	阶段1	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.008 ? 699 ? 3 l n t + 0.026 ? 644 ? 9$	0.997 45
723	阶段2	$Δ F / F 0 = 0.001 ? 168 ? 2 ? l n t + 0.036 ? 658 ? 7$	0.991 48

Table 4 Regression equations of elasticity loss rate versus logarithm of time at different temperatures

Fig.13 Elasticity decay curves of wave spring under different initial elasticity

T/K	F₀/N	F₁/N	$(? F / F$ ₀)/%
298	7.70	7.54	2.08
298	11.48	11.14	2.79
298	14.66	14.06	4.09
298	18.52	17.46	5.72

Table 5 Elasticity loss rates of wave spring under different initial elasticity

Fig.14 Fitted curve of logarithm of wave spring stress relaxation rate versus temperature inverse

Fig.15 Fitted curve of logarithm of integral constant versus temperature inverse at different temperatures


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