Drilling fluid vibrating screen is the key equipment of solid phase control system for oil drilling and it is used to remove the harmful solid particles in the drilling fluid and recover the drilling fluid,which is of great significance to conserve resources and protect the environment. With the development of petroleum industry, higher requirements are put forward for vibrating screen. Therefore, a new type of negative pressure drilling fluid vibrating screen was proposed. The difference between the negative pressure drilling fluid vibrating screen and the traditional drilling fluid vibrating screen was that the former combined vibration screening and vacuum filtration to improve the processing capacity. In order to understand the performance of negative pressure vibrating screen in detail, based on the single particle model of the traditional vibrating screen, the conveyance law of the solid particle on the negative pressure vibrating screen was discussed by the mechanical view, and the movements of solid particle on the two kinds of vibrating screens under different parameters were compared. Besides, the effect of negative pressure system on structure parameters of vibrating screen was analyzed. The results indicated that the conveyance speed of solid particle on the negative pressure vibrating screens was slower than that on the traditional vibrating screens,which was more conducive to the separation of the liquid and solid. In addition,the application of the negative pressure system had little influence on the structural parameters of the vibrating screen, so the conventional vibrating screen could be directly converted into a negative pressure vibrating screen. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design and field application of the negative pressure vibrating screen.