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工程设计学报
Chin J Eng Design  2023, Vol. 30 Issue (3): 315-324    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.032
Theory and Method of Mechanical Design     
Research on the mechanism and characteristic of joint rock-breaking of laser-PDC drill bit
Zhiqiang HUANG(),Yaowen LIANG,Ke CHEN,Yuli ZHAI,Yuwei LEI
School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
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Abstract  

With the gradual shift of oil and gas exploration to deep, ultra-deep and complex rock formations, the existing mechanical drill bits have the problems of low rock breaking efficiency and high operating cost. Therefore, a new type of laser-PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit was proposed to achieve efficient rock-breaking and energy-saving and cost-reducing. Using finite element method and based on the HJC (Holmquist-Johnson-Cook) constitutive model of rock, a nonlinear dynamic model of laser-PDC drill bit joint rock-breaking was established, and simulation research on laser-PDC drill bit joint rock-breaking was conducted. The simulation results showed that the radiation effect of laser generated higher temperature and greater prestress in the radiated area of rock surface, which in turn formed interpenetrating damage zones on the rock surface, reduced the strength of the rock, and was more conducive to cutting teeth to break the rock; compared with non-laser single PDC drill bit, laser-PDC drill bit experienced a 24.8% reduction in anti-torque during rock breaking, a 10.5% reduction in axial acceleration fluctuation, an increase in drilling displacement of 8.67 mm, and an increase in drilling speed of 112.79%. A laser-mechanical joint rock-breaking experimental bench was built to conduct laser-PDC drill bit joint rock-breaking experiment. The experimental results showed that laser-PDC drill bit joint rock-breaking had better drilling stability and continuity, greatly improving the rock-breaking efficiency. The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the development and application of laser-mechanical rock-breaking technology.

Key words： laser-PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit      joint rock-breaking      laser radiation      rock-breaking characteristic     
Received: 15 August 2022      Published: 06 July 2023
CLC:  TE 242.9  
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Zhiqiang HUANG
Yaowen LIANG
Ke CHEN
Yuli ZHAI
Yuwei LEI
Cite this article:

Zhiqiang HUANG,Yaowen LIANG,Ke CHEN,Yuli ZHAI,Yuwei LEI. Research on the mechanism and characteristic of joint rock-breaking of laser-PDC drill bit. Chin J Eng Design, 2023, 30(3): 315-324.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.032     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2023/V30/I3/315


激光-PDC钻头联合破岩机理及特性研究

随着我国油气勘探逐步向深层、超深层和复杂难钻岩层转移，现有的机械钻头存在着破岩效率低及作业成本高等问题。因此，提出了一种新型激光-PDC钻头，以实现高效破岩和节能降耗。采用有限元方法，基于岩石HJC（Holmquist-Johnson-Cook）本构模型，建立了激光-PDC（polycrystalline diamond compact，聚晶金刚石复合片）钻头联合破岩非线性动力学模型，开展了激光-PDC钻头联合破岩仿真研究。仿真结果表明：激光的辐射作用使岩石表面受辐射区域产生了较高的温度和较大的预应力，进而在岩石表面形成了相互贯穿的损伤带，降低了岩石强度，更有利于切削齿破碎岩石；与无激光单PDC钻头相比，激光-PDC钻头在破岩过程中受到的反扭矩降低了24.8%，钻头轴向加速度波动幅度降低了10.5%，钻进位移增加了8.67 mm，钻进速度提升了112.79%。搭建了激光-机械联合破岩实验台架，进行了激光-PDC钻头联合破岩实验。实验结果表明，激光-PDC钻头联合破岩有着更好的钻进稳定性和连续性，大大提高了破岩效率。研究结果为激光-机械破岩技术的发展和应用提供了一定的理论支撑和技术支持。


关键词： 激光-PDC（polycrystalline diamond compact，聚晶金刚石复合片）钻头,  联合破岩,  激光辐射,  破岩特性 
Fig.1 Structure of laser-PDC drill bit
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of elliptic beam radiation
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of laser channel for laser-PDC drill bit
Fig.4 Finite element model of laser-PDC drill joint rock-breaking
Fig.5 Schematic diagram of laser layout and coupling relationship between laser and cutting teeth
Fig.6 Energy distribution of elliptical laser beams
Fig.7 HJC strength model
Fig.8 HJC damage model
参数量值
密度2 680 kg·m-3
比热容653.2 J·kg-1·K-1
导热系数3.49 W·m-1·K-1
弹性模量38.38 GPa
热膨胀系数8×10-6 K-1
抗压强度124.53 MPa
抗拉强度12 MPa
Table 1 Parameters of thermal physical property and mechanical property of granite
参数量值
fc124.53 MPa
T12 MPa
A0.15
B2.5
N0.79
C0.001 86
Smax5.4
D10.045
D21
Ef min0.015
Table 2 Parameters of HJC intrinsic model of granite
Fig.9 Temperature nephogram of rock surface during laser-PDC drill bit drilling
Fig.10 Stress nephogram of rock surface during drill bit drilling
Fig.11 Damage nephogram of rock surface during drill bit drilling
Fig.12 Curve of anti-torque of rock on drill bit
Fig.13 Curve of axial acceleration of drill bit
Fig.14 Curve of drilling displacement of drill bit
Fig.15 Curve of drilling speed of drill bit
Fig.16 Laser-mechanical joint rock-breaking experimental bench
技术参数量值
激光功率0~20 kW
钻压0~50 kN
输出转速0~120 r/min
钻进行程0~1 800 mm
Table 3 Main technical parameters of laser-mechanical joint rock-breaking experimental bench
Fig.17 Installation and debugging of laser-mechanical joint rock-breaking experimental equipment
Fig.18 Experimental process of laser-mechanical joint rock-breaking
Fig.19 Well-bottom profile after laser-mechanical joint rock-breaking
Fig.20 Comparison between experimental and simulation values of drilling speed of laser-PDC drill bit
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