| Innovative Design |
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| Rock breaking mechanism and experimental study of new PDC tooth in hard formation |
| LI Qin, FU Wen-tao, HUANG Zhi-qiang, XU Zi-yang, CHEN Ben |
| School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China |
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Abstract With the continuous development of oil and gas exploitation to deep hard formation, the conventional PDC bit has some problems such as slow rock breaking speed, easy damage and low efficiency, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of drilling faster and more effective. PDC cutting tooth structure is a key factor to improve the rock breaking efficiency of PDC bit. Hence, it is of great significance to design cutting teeth with different structures for different rock formations. A new type of PDC tooth with non-planar structure was designed for deep hard formation drilling. The new PDC tooth had a ridged cutting structure and could break the rocks in layers. In order to study the rock breaking mechanism and various performances of this new PDC tooth, a method combining finite element simulation and experiment was carried out to study the rock breaking process of new PDC tooth and conventional PDC teeth. The results showed that the new PDC tooth had smaller average and fluctuating cutting forces in the horizontal, lateral and longitudinal directions, so the new PDC tooth had more stable cutting ability. The new PDC tooth was less likely to suffer severe wear and impact breakage, and had longer service life and higher rock breaking efficiency. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the development and promotion of the new PDC tooth, and provide support for the PDC bit to achieve high speed and efficiency in the hard formation drilling process.
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Received: 23 July 2018
Published: 28 December 2019
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硬地层中新型PDC齿破岩机理及试验研究
随着油气开采不断向深部硬地层发展，常规PDC（polycrystalline diamond compact，聚晶金刚石复合片）钻头出现破岩速度慢、易损坏、效率低等问题，难以满足当下提速增效的钻井需求。PDC切削齿结构是提高PDC钻头破岩效率的关键因素，针对不同岩石地层进行不同结构切削齿的设计具有重大意义。针对深部硬地层钻井，设计了一种非平面结构的新型PDC齿，该PDC齿具有脊形切削结构且可分层破碎岩石。为掌握此新型PDC齿的破岩机理和各项性能，采用有限元仿真模拟与试验相结合的方法，开展了新型PDC齿与常规PDC齿破岩过程的对比研究。结果表明：新型PDC齿在水平方向、横向和纵向三个方向所受切削力的均值及波动幅度均较小，因此新型PDC齿在破岩过程中有更稳定的切削能力；新型PDC齿受剧烈磨损和冲击崩断的可能性更小，使用寿命更长，且具有更高的破岩效率。研究结果可为新型PDC齿的研发和推广提供理论依据，为PDC钻头在硬地层钻井过程中实现提速增效提供支撑。
关键词：
硬地层,
新型PDC齿,
破岩机理,
对比研究
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