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工程设计学报  2025, Vol. 32 Issue (4): 569-578    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.138
机械零部件与装备设计     
橡胶改性酚醛树脂基摩擦片性能研究
张煜焜1(),赵早君2,蒋琦峰2,翁越平2,徐兵1,杨华勇1,陈哲1()
1.浙江大学 流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310058
2.铁流股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 311103
Research on performance of rubber modified phenolic resin matrix friction plates
Yukun ZHANG1(),Zaojun ZHAO2,Qifeng JIANG2,Yueping WENG2,Bing XU1,Huayong YANG1,Zhe CHEN1()
1.State Key Laboratory of Fundamental Components of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.Tieliu Co. , Ltd. , Hangzhou 311103, China
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摘要:

随着重型卡车向着更高速、重载、安全和舒适方向的发展,对其离合器摩擦片的性能提出了更高要求。针对汽车干式离合器摩擦片用橡胶改性树脂基摩擦材料的制备工艺和性能展开研究,系统对比了采用溶胶法制备的丁苯橡胶改性酚醛树脂基摩擦材料(styrene butadiene rubber-modified phenolic resin matrix friction materials, SBR-PF)与采用挤胶法制备的丁腈橡胶改性酚醛树脂基摩擦材料(nitrile butadiene rubber-modified phenolic resin matrix friction materials, NBR-PF)的性能。通过摩擦磨损试验研究了2种材料在不同温度下的摩擦行为,并结合扫描电子显微镜分析了其磨损机理。将制备好的摩擦片安装在离合器台架中,开展了标准热衰退试验和振颤试验。结果表明:NBR-PF的摩擦因数在高温下的稳定性远优于SBR-PF,同时NBR-PF具有更好的耐磨性;随着温度升高,2种材料的磨损机理都从磨粒磨损逐步演变为氧化磨损与疲劳磨损的复合作用;NBR-PF表现出更优异的抗热衰退能力和抗振颤能力。在热衰退试验中,SBR-PF的摩擦因数在330 °C左右开始急剧下降,在380 °C左右下降到0.2以下,而NBR-PF的摩擦因数在400 ℃时仍未衰减到0.2以下。在振颤试验中,SBR-PF的平均扭振衰减系数在200 r/min转速下超过了标准值,其最大扭振衰减系数在200 r/min和500 r/min转速下都超过了标准值,而NBR-PF在不同工况下的平均扭振衰减系数和最大扭振衰减系数都低于标准值。研究结果为环保型摩擦材料的制备提供了新思路,为离合器综合性能的优化提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 干式离合器摩擦材料橡胶酚醛树脂热衰退振颤    
Abstract:

With the advancement of heavy duty trucks toward higher speed, increased load capacity, enhanced safety, and improved comfort, more stringent requirements have been placed on the performance of the clutch friction plates. This study focused on the preparation process and performance of rubber-modified resin matrix friction materials for dry clutch plates, and a systematic performance comparison was conducted between styrene butadiene rubber-modified phenolic resin matrix friction materials (SBR-PF) produced through the sol-gel method and nitrile butadiene rubber-modified phenolic resin matrix friction materials (NBR-PF) produced through the extrusion-compression method. The friction behaviors of two materials at different temperatures was investigated through friction and wear tests, and wear mechanisms were analyzed in combination with scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the prepared friction plates were subjected to standardized heat fade and judder tests on clutch benches. The results demonstrated that NBR-PF exhibited significantly higher stability in friction coefficient at elevated temperatures compared to SBR-PF, along with superior wear resistance. As temperature increased, the wear mechanisms of both materials transitioned from abrasive wear to a combination of oxidative wear and fatigue wear. NBR-PF displayed exceptional thermal fade resistance and anti-judder characteristics. In heat fade tests, the friction coefficient of SBR-PF began to decline sharply at approximately 330 ℃ and dropped below 0.2 at approximately 380 ℃, whereas NBR-PF maintained a friction coefficient above 0.2 even at 400 ℃. In judder tests, the average torsional vibration attenuation coefficient of SBR-PF exceeded the standard value at 200 r/min, and its maximum torsional vibration attenuation coefficient exceeded the standard value at 200 r/min and 500 r/min. The average torsional vibration attenuation coefficient and the maximum torsional vibration attenuation coefficient of NBR-PF under different conditions were lower than the standard values. This research results provide new ideas for the preparation of environmentally friendly friction materials and technical support for the comprehensive performance optimization of clutches.

Key words: dry clutch    friction material    rubber    phenolic resin    heat fade    judder
收稿日期: 2025-05-12 出版日期: 2025-09-01
CLC:  TH 117.1  
基金资助: 浙江省“尖兵”研发攻关计划项目(2023C01086);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LR24E050001)
通讯作者: 陈哲     E-mail: 22325165@zju.edu.cn;zhe-chen@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 张煜焜(2002—),男,硕士生,从事机械摩擦学研究,E-mail: 22325165@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

张煜焜,赵早君,蒋琦峰,翁越平,徐兵,杨华勇,陈哲. 橡胶改性酚醛树脂基摩擦片性能研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2025, 32(4): 569-578.

Yukun ZHANG,Zaojun ZHAO,Qifeng JIANG,Yueping WENG,Bing XU,Huayong YANG,Zhe CHEN. Research on performance of rubber modified phenolic resin matrix friction plates[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2025, 32(4): 569-578.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.138        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2025/V32/I4/569

图1  丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶和酚醛树脂的分子结构
图2  定速摩擦磨损试验机
图3  离合器综合性能测试台架C1
图4  离合器摩擦片振颤试验台架C2
试验参数磨合条件试验条件
惯量/(kg·m2)1.253.11
转速/(r/min)1 4701 470
离合频率/(次/min)12.4
每次离合的滑摩功/kJ12.737
每次离合的额定功/(N·m/cm2)37106
平均额定功率负载/(W/cm2)0.64.3
离合数/次100100
表1  热衰退试验的磨合条件和试验条件
离合数/次

每次离合

时间/s

转速差/

(r/min)

能量/

kJ

201050015
201080015
10101 00015
表2  离合器50次离合的循环条件
图5  摩擦材料的硬度和弯曲强度
图6  摩擦材料热重变化曲线
图7  不同温度下摩擦材料的摩擦因数
图8  不同温度下摩擦材料的磨损率
图9  不同温度下摩擦材料样品的SEM图像
图10  摩擦材料样品热衰退试验结果
图11  摩擦材料样品振颤试验结果
图12  不同工况下摩擦材料样品的平均扭振衰减系数和最大扭振衰减系数
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