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工程设计学报  2025, Vol. 32 Issue (4): 438-451    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.109
机器人与机构设计     
阀厅钢结构清扫机器人设计
汪旭旭1,2(),郑涵钰1,姚斌1,2,杜轩1(),李响1
1.三峡大学 机械与动力学院,湖北 宜昌 443002
2.国家电网有限公司特高压建设分公司,北京 100032
Design of cleaning robot for steel structure in valve hall
Xuxu WANG1,2(),Hanyu ZHENG1,Bin YAO1,2,Xuan DU1(),Xiang LI1
1.College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
2.State Grid UHV Engineering Construction Company, Beijing 100032, China
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摘要:

针对换流站阀厅顶部复杂钢结构人工清扫过程中存在的作业效率低、安全风险高等问题,基于公理设计理论提出了一种以分体式多单元结构与抱臂机构为核心的清扫机器人,并通过样机实验验证了其可行性。首先,构建了机器人的功能—结构模型及对应的设计矩阵,利用独立公理确保功能需求的独立性,并结合信息公理优化了设计方案。该机器人的移动单元采用分体式三单元多抱臂结构,能够跨越钢结构上下方的障碍,并能通过转向实现在不同方向钢梁上的行走;清扫单元采用对称分布的三自由度清扫臂,可满足阀厅不同区域的清扫需求。然后,根据阀厅顶部钢结构的实际布局,设计了机器人适应特定场景的越障、转向运动姿态,并设计了完整的运动控制系统。接着,对机器人的关键部件进行了力学分析,同时对显著影响整机性能的部件进行了结构布局分析与拓扑优化,实现了结构的紧凑化与轻量化,进而提高了机器人的运行稳定性。最后,在阀厅顶部钢结构上开展了机器人样机实验。结果表明,该机器人能够稳定地在钢结构上完成越障、转向和清扫任务,其可跨越最大高度为712 mm的障碍,且清扫速度超过100 m2/h。所设计的机器人可有效提升换流站阀厅顶部钢结构的清扫效率与作业安全性,具备良好的工程适用性。

关键词: 换流站阀厅清扫机器人公理设计分体式多单元结构运动姿态    
Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of low operation efficiency and high safety risks in the manual cleaning process of the complex steel structures at the top of converter station valve halls, a cleaning robot featuring the split multi-unit structure and the clasp-arm mechanism has been proposed based on axiomatic design theory, and its feasibility is verified through prototype experiments. Firstly, the function-structure model of the robot and the corresponding design matrix were constructed. The independence axiom was applied to ensure the independence of functional requirements, while the information axiom was used to optimize the design solution. The mobile unit of this robot adopted a split three-unit multi-clasp-arm structure, which could cross obstacles located above and below the steel structure and walk on steel beams in different directions by steering. The cleaning unit adopted symmetrically arranged three-degree-of-freedom cleaning arms, which could meet the cleaning demands of various areas in the valve hall. Then, based on the actual layout of the steel structure at the top of valve hall, the obstacle-crossing and steering motion postures of the robot were designed for specific scenarios, and a complete motion control system was also designed. Next, a mechanical analysis was conducted on key components of the robot. Meanwhile, the structural layout analysis and topology optimization were carried out on the components that significantly affected the overall performance, which achieved compact and lightweight structure, thereby enhancing the operational stability of the robot. Finally, the robot prototype experiments were carried out on the steel structure at the top of valve hall. The results showed that the robot could stably complete obstacle crossing, steering and cleaning tasks on steel structures. It could cross obstacles with a maximum height of 712 mm, and the cleaning speed exceeded 100 m2/h. The designed robot can effectively enhance the cleaning efficiency and operational safety of steel structures at the top of converter station valve halls, which has good engineering applicability.

Key words: converter station valve hall    cleaning robot    axiomatic design    split multi-unit structure    motion posture
收稿日期: 2025-02-10 出版日期: 2025-09-01
CLC:  TP 242  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52475267)
通讯作者: 杜轩     E-mail: 976063854@qq.com;xdu@ctgu.edu.cn
作者简介: 汪旭旭(1988—),男,高级工程师,硕士,从事特高压直流输电技术研究,E-mail: 976063854@qq.com
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引用本文:

汪旭旭,郑涵钰,姚斌,杜轩,李响. 阀厅钢结构清扫机器人设计[J]. 工程设计学报, 2025, 32(4): 438-451.

Xuxu WANG,Hanyu ZHENG,Bin YAO,Xuan DU,Xiang LI. Design of cleaning robot for steel structure in valve hall[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2025, 32(4): 438-451.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.05.109        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2025/V32/I4/438

图1  阀厅顶部钢结构
功能需求(FRs)设计参数(DPs)设计方程

FR11:可以夹紧顶部钢结构

FR12:可以伸缩以适应不同钢结构

DP11:抱臂夹持机构

DP12:抱臂伸缩机构

FR11FR12=X00X×DP11DP12

FR21:能够进行平稳精准的移动

FR22:可以跨越障碍物

FR23:可以在钢结构上实现转向

DP21:移动机构

DP22:越障机构

DP23:转向机构

FR21FR22FR23=X000X0XXX×DP21DP22DP23

FR31:能伸展至待清扫区域

FR32:能确保机器人姿态的稳定性

FR33:能进行清扫作业

DP31:清扫臂

DP32:对称放置

DP33:清扫机构

FR31FR32FR33=X000X0X0X×DP31DP32DP33

FR41:能自主运行

FR42:能识别场景信息

DP41:运动控制处理器

DP42:图像识别处理器

FR41FR42=X00X×DP41DP42

FR51:控制机器人姿态稳定安全

FR52:断电保护

DP51:安全控制系统

DP52:电机自锁机构

FR51FR52=X00X×DP51DP52

FR61:能持续供电

FR62:能转换不同的电压

DP61:不间断供电设备

DP62:稳压设备

FR61FR62=X00X×DP61DP62
表1  功能需求与设计参数的第2层分解及对应的设计方程
功能需求设计参数
DP11DP12DP41DP42DP21DP22DP23DP31DP32DP33DP51DP52DP61DP62
FR11X0000000000000
FR120X000000000000
FR4100X00000000000
FR42000X0000000000
FR21X000X000000000
FR220XX00X00000000
FR23XXX0X0X0000000
FR3100X0000X000000
FR32000X0000X00000
FR330000000X0X0000
FR510000000000X000
FR5200000000000X00
FR61000000000000X0
FR620000000000000X
表2  机器人第2层功能需求与设计参数对应的设计矩阵
图2  机器人功能需求分解图
方案推力/N伸缩范围/mm反馈精度/mm控制精度/mm
1100~500700~1 2500.5~2.51~5
2100~1 400650~1 2000.4~1.61~10
3100~260500~1 3500.1~1.00.2~2.0
表3  各抱臂伸缩机构设计方案的技术指标
方案I1I2I3I4
10.0010.2632.0002.0
200.1263.1701.0
30.457000
表4  各抱臂伸缩机构设计方案的信息含量
方案跨越距离/mm整体长度/mm自由度数量
1100~2001 200~1 6006~10
2400~6002 200~2 9009~13
31 200~1 8002 800~3 60012~16
表5  各分体式多单元结构设计方案的技术指标
方案I1I2I3
1无穷大00
2000.379
3020.678
表6  各分体式多单元结构设计方案的信息含量
方案覆盖能力轻量化控制复杂度适应能力
1
2
3极高
表7  各清扫臂设计方案的技术指标
方案P1P2P3P4
10.600.900.900.50
20.800.800.700.80
30.950.500.500.09
表8  各清扫臂设计方案对应的概率
图3  机器人本体结构
图4  第二移动子单元模型
图5  机器人越障运动姿态分解
图6  机器人转向运动姿态分解
图7  抱臂伸缩机构的结构
图8  抱臂伸缩机构坐标系
图9  优化前后移动轮的运动轨迹对比
图10  机器人关键部件形变量
图11  机器人关键部件拓扑优化前后对比
图12  机器人控制系统架构
图13  机器人样机
图14  测试台架结构示意
图15  机器人在测试台架上的运动测试
图16  机器人位于阀厅顶部钢结构处
图17  机器人在阀厅钢结构上的运动测试
图18  机器人在阀厅钢结构不同位置的清扫测试
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