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工程设计学报  2023, Vol. 30 Issue (3): 372-379    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.035
摩擦学与表面/界面技术     
乏燃料水池覆面板对接焊缝裂纹检测研究
张佳1(),周兆明1,2(),练章华1,李锴3,陈智4
1.西南石油大学 油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610500
2.西南石油大学 机电工程学院,四川 成都 610500
3.国核电站运行服务技术有限公司,上海 200233
4.中国石油西南油气田分公司 四川长宁天然气开发有限责任公司,四川 成都 610051
Research on crack detection of butt welds in the cladding panel of spent fuel pool
Jia ZHANG1(),Zhaoming ZHOU1,2(),Zhanghua LIAN1,Kai LI3,Zhi CHEN4
1.State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
2.School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
3.State Nuclear Power Plant Service Company, Shanghai 200233, China
4.Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Co. , Ltd. , PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610051, China
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摘要:

核电站乏燃料水池覆面板焊缝与母材交界面处的裂纹会严重影响设备的运行安全。考虑焊缝的真实特性,提出采用交流电磁场检测(alternating current field measurement,ACFM)技术来检测焊缝裂纹,以提高裂纹检测的灵敏度。首先,采用COMSOL软件建立了焊缝裂纹检测模型,分析了焊缝裂纹区域的磁场特征信号;其次,在实验试件焊缝与母材交界面处预置与数值仿真一致的人工裂纹,进行焊缝裂纹ACFM实验;最后,制作了焊缝裂纹检测系统,并进行了其性能测试。仿真、实验和测试结果表明:ACFM方法能够有效识别焊缝与母材交界面处平行于焊缝方向的裂纹,而不能识别垂直于焊缝方向的裂纹;通过焊缝裂纹检测系统测试得到的裂纹检测长度的偏差小于探头检测实验的偏差,但两者比较接近,证明了焊缝裂纹检测系统设计的合理性。ACFM能够实现乏池覆面板对接焊缝裂纹的定量化检测,满足现场高灵敏度的使用要求。

关键词: 乏燃料水池焊缝裂纹电磁检测    
Abstract:

Cracks at the interface between the weld in the cladding panel of spent fuel pool of a nuclear power plant and the base material can seriously affect the operational safety of the equipment. Considering the true characteristics of weld, alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technology was proposed to detect weld crack to improve the sensitivity of crack detection. Firstly, a weld crack detection model was established by COMSOL software, and the magnetic field characteristic signals in the weld crack area were analyzed; secondly, an artificial crack that was consistent with the numerical simulation was preset at the interface between the experimental specimen weld and the base material, and then the weld crack ACFM experiment was carried out; finally, a weld crack detection system was developed and its performance testing was conducted. The simulation, experiment and testing results indicated that the ACFM method could effectively identify crack parallel to the weld direction at the interface between the weld and the base metal, but could not identify crack perpendicular to the weld direction; the deviation of crack detection length obtained through the testing of the weld crack detection system was smaller than that obtained through the probe detection experiment, but the two were relatively close, proving the rationality of the design of the weld crack detection system. ACFM can achieve quantitative detection of butt welds in the cladding panel of spent fuel pool, and meet the requirements of high sensitivity in the field.

Key words: spent fuel pool    weld crack    electromagnetic testing
收稿日期: 2022-09-15 出版日期: 2023-07-06
CLC:  TH878.3  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974271);西南石油大学研究生科研创新基金资助项目(2021CXZD37)
通讯作者: 周兆明     E-mail: zhangjiaswpu@163.com;Zhouzhaom@126.com
作者简介: 张 佳(1994—),男,甘肃宁县人,博士生,从事结构健康监测研究,E-mail: zhangjiaswpu@163.com
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引用本文:

张佳,周兆明,练章华,李锴,陈智. 乏燃料水池覆面板对接焊缝裂纹检测研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2023, 30(3): 372-379.

Jia ZHANG,Zhaoming ZHOU,Zhanghua LIAN,Kai LI,Zhi CHEN. Research on crack detection of butt welds in the cladding panel of spent fuel pool[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2023, 30(3): 372-379.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.035        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2023/V30/I3/372

图1  裂纹对电流和磁场的影响示意
图2  乏池覆面板简化模型
部件材料长度×宽度×深度(高度)/mm×mm×mm相对磁导率电导率/(S·m-1)
试件碳钢工件焊缝裂纹1.000 02138 000 000
300×300×1020×0.3×8
U形铁芯锰-锌铁氧体60×10×404 00010 300 000
表1  焊缝裂纹检测模型的参数
图3  焊缝裂纹检测模型的网格划分
图4  试件表面的应力分布
图5  裂纹处磁场分布
图6  焊缝裂纹的尺寸及位置
图7  焊缝裂纹ACFM结果
序号裂纹长度检测长度偏差探头检测方向
2019.80.2平行于裂纹方向
2019.40.6
2525.10.1
1011.41.4
10垂直于裂纹方向
表2  焊缝裂纹长度ACFM仿真结果 ( mm)
图8  焊缝裂纹ACFM实验现场
图9  焊缝裂纹ACFM实验结果
序号裂纹长度检测长度偏差探头检测方向
2018.41.6平行于裂纹方向
2017.82.2
2523.11.9
107.92.1
10垂直于裂纹方向
表3  焊缝裂纹长度ACFM实验结果 ( mm)
图10  乏池覆面板对接焊缝裂纹检测系统
图11  焊缝裂纹检测信号
序号裂纹长度检测长度偏差探头检测方向
2019.01.0平行于裂纹方向
2018.21.8
2523.41.6
108.11.9
10垂直于裂纹方向
表4  焊缝裂纹长度测试结果 ( mm)
方法裂纹①裂纹②裂纹③裂纹④
数值仿真0.20.60.11.4
探头实验1.62.21.92.1
检测系统测试1.01.81.61.9
表5  不同方法下焊缝裂纹检测长度的偏差 ( mm)
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