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工程设计学报  2022, Vol. 29 Issue (5): 616-626    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.077
整机和系统设计     
新型碟式太阳能跟踪平台设计和姿态工作空间分析
刘繁茂(),廖灿灿,张原愿,莫寒
湖南科技大学 机电工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411201
Design and orientation workspace analysis of new dish-type solar tracking platform
Fan-mao LIU(),Can-can LIAO,Yuan-yuan ZHANG,Han MO
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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摘要:

传统的碟式太阳能热发电系统采用回转支承和螺旋升降机来实现太阳方位角和高度角的跟踪,不足之处在于无法自动调整聚光器镜面单元的位姿以应对外界扰动。采用并联机构来实现太阳跟踪,不仅具有刚度高、跟踪误差小等内在优势,还可以自动调整聚光器镜面单元位姿。若采用传统球铰,由于其物理限制,跟踪机构的偏转能力不能精确满足太阳跟踪角度范围大的技术要求。针对上述问题,采用新型被动球铰,设计了一种基于3-RPS并联机构的新型碟式太阳能跟踪平台,并计算了其跟踪角度的范围;同时,通过建立通用3-RPS并联机构的逆运动学方程,结合球坐标搜索法计算了3-RPS并联跟踪机构的姿态工作空间,并结合结构参数对其姿态工作空间的影响规律,确定了各结构参数的最优值。结果表明:当新型碟式太阳能跟踪平台选用新型被动球铰,动、定平台形状为等腰三角形,转动副轴线共面且呈三角形布置,动、定平台的半径比为2以及支链长度为动平台半径的2倍时,其结构符合设计要求且调整后的姿态工作空间满足太阳跟踪所需的角度范围。研究结果可为后续的太阳跟踪平台结构设计和参数优化提供参考。

关键词: 跟踪平台新型被动球铰3-RPS并联机构姿态工作空间    
Abstract:

The traditional dish-type solar thermal power generation system adopts slewing ring and spiral elevator to track the azimuth angle and altitude angle of solar, but it is unable to automatically adjust the posture of the condenser mirror element to cope with external disturbances. Using the parallel mechanism to realize solar tracking not only has the inherent advantages of high stiffness and small tracking error, but also can automatically adjust the posture of condenser mirror element. If the traditional spherical hinge is used, due to its physical limitations, the deflection ability of the tracking mechanism can not accurately meet the technical requirements of a wide range of solar tracking angles. Aiming at the above problems, a new dish-type solar tracking platform based on 3-RPS parallel mechanism was designed by using a new passive spherical hinge, and its tracking angle range was calculated; at the same time, the orientation workspace of the 3-RPS parallel tracking mechanism was calculated by establishing the inverse kinematics equation of the general 3-RPS parallel mechanism and combining with the spherical coordinate search method. According to the influence law of its structural parameters on the orientation workspace, the optimal values of structural parameters were determined. The results showed that: when the new passive spherical hinge was selected, the shape of moving and fixed platforms was isosceles triangle, the rotation pair axes were coplanar and triangular, the radius ratio of the moving and fixed platforms was two, and the branch chain length was twice the moving platform radius, the structure of new dish-type solar tracking platform met the design requirements, and the adjusted orientation workspace met the angle range required for solar tracking. The research results can provide reference for the subsequent structure design and parameter optimization of solar tracking platforms.

Key words: tracking platform    new passive spherical hinge    3-RPS parallel mechanism    orientation workspace
收稿日期: 2022-04-13 出版日期: 2022-11-02
CLC:  TH 112  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51576061)
作者简介: 刘繁茂(1976—),男,湖南涟源人,教授,博士,从事太阳能光热发电技术与装备、光学精密测量与制造以及并联机构和工业机器人等研究,E-mail:liufanmao@hotmail.com,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-3150
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引用本文:

刘繁茂,廖灿灿,张原愿,莫寒. 新型碟式太阳能跟踪平台设计和姿态工作空间分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2022, 29(5): 616-626.

Fan-mao LIU,Can-can LIAO,Yuan-yuan ZHANG,Han MO. Design and orientation workspace analysis of new dish-type solar tracking platform[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2022, 29(5): 616-626.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.077        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2022/V29/I5/616

图1  新型碟式太阳能跟踪平台结构示意1—接收器;2—支撑架;3—旋转抛物面聚光器;4—3-RPS并联跟踪机构;5—机架;6—支撑台。
图2  单个3-RPS并联跟踪机构结构示意1—聚光器镜面单元;2—背板(动平台);3—被动球铰;4—驱动装置;5—转动副;6—定平台。
图3  旋转抛物面聚光器镜面单元排布示意
图4  新型被动球铰结构示意1—双耳支架;2—销轴;3—输出杆;4—支撑辊;5—U形拨叉;6—球窝;7—球头;8—底座。
图5  新型被动球铰输出杆的极限位置示意
图6  改进型RPS支链结构示意1—带轮传动箱;2—电机;3—活动盖板;4—导轨箱;5—联轴器箱;6—销座;7—滚珠丝杆;8—推杆;9—滑动活塞;10—丝杆螺母;11—联轴器;12—角接触球轴承;13—同步带传动组件。
图7  太阳位置计算几何学模型
图8  单个3-RPS并联跟踪机构跟踪示意
图9  新型碟式太阳能跟踪平台的跟踪轨迹
图10  通用3-RPS并联机构结构简图
参数数值
动平台半径R/mm900
定平台半径r/mm550
夹角?/(°)130
夹角φ/(°)280
偏转角δ1/(°)20
偏转角δ2/(°)30
偏转角δ3/(°)80
表1  3-RPS并联跟踪机构的初始结构参数
图11  初始结构参数下3-RPS并联跟踪机构的姿态工作空间
图12  球铰最大转角对3-RPS并联跟踪机构姿态工作空间的影响
图13  动、定平台形状对3-RPS并联跟踪机构姿态工作空间的影响
图14  不同转动副轴线布置方式示意
图15  转动副轴线对3-RPS并联跟踪机构姿态工作空间的影响
图16  动、定平台半径对3-RPS并联跟踪机构姿态工作空间的影响
图17  RPS支链长度对RPS并联跟踪机构姿态工作空间的影响
图18  3-RPS并联跟踪机构的最终姿态工作空间
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