Please wait a minute...
工程设计学报
工程设计学报  2020, Vol. 27 Issue (2): 135-145    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2020.00.018
设计理论与方法学     
数控机床整机动态特性评价方法
姜晓飞, 张冠伟, 胡永秀, 张大卫
天津大学 机构理论与装备设计教育部重点实验室， 天津 300354
Evaluation method of dynamic characteristics of whole NC machine tool
JIANG Xiao-fei, ZHANG Guan-wei, HU Yong-xiu, ZHANG Da-wei
Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
 全文: PDF(4302 KB)   HTML
摘要： 动态特性是衡量机床性能的一项重要指标，但目前并没有较好的数控机床整机动态特性评价方法。利用真实的动态切削力对数控机床进行激励，能够快速获取机床在切削力作用下的动态特性。鉴于切削参数会影响各频率成分对应的切削力幅值，基于不同工件材料和切削参数下的动态切削力，建立动态激振力模型，通过分频段激励来检验数控机床在不同频段下的动态特性。通过有限元仿真分析，判断数控机床在各个频段下的动态特性；对振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换，得到机床振动时的主要频率成分，为优化机床动态特性提供指导；对比各种动态切削力激振下不同机床的动刚度，评价不同机床动态特性的优劣。最后,通过激振试验验证了仿真结果的准确性。结果表明上述方法简单实用，能快速评价数控机床的动态特性，具有一定的实用价值。
关键词： 数控机床;  动态特性;  激振力模型;  评价方法    
Abstract: The dynamic characteristics is an important index to measure the performance of machine tools.However, there is no better method to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of whole NC (numerical control) machine tool. Through the excitation of real dynamic cutting force to the NC machine tool, the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool under the action of cutting force can be quickly obtained. In view of the fact that the cutting parameters would affect the amplitude of cutting force corresponding to each frequency component, a dynamic excitation force model was established based on the dynamic cutting forces under different sample materials and cutting parameters.The dynamic characteristics of the NC machine tool in different frequency bands could be tested by frequency band excitation. Through the finite element simulation analysis, the dynamic characteristics of NC machine tool in each frequency band was judged. The main frequency components in the vibration of machine tool were obtained by fast Fourier transform of vibration signal, which could provide guidance for optimizing the dynamic characteristics of machine tool. The dynamic stiffness of different machine tools under excitation of various dynamic cutting forces was compared to distinguish which machine tool had better dynamic characteristics. Finally, the simulation results were verified by the excitation test. The results indicate that the above method is simple and practical, and can quickly evaluate the dynamic characteristics of NC machine tool, which has certain practical value.
Key words: NC machine tool    dynamic characteristic    excitation force model    evaluation method
收稿日期: 2019-07-18 出版日期: 2020-04-28
:  TH 123  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB1701201)
通讯作者: 张大卫（1962—），男，山东临沂人，教授，博士，从事数控机床热误差主动控制技术与装备研究，E-mail:medzhang@tju.edu.cn   
作者简介: 姜晓飞（1994—），男，江苏南通人，硕士生，从事数控机床动态特性研究，E-mail:jxf390@tju.edu.cn，https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-5765
服务　　
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
RSS
作者相关文章　　
姜晓飞
张冠伟
胡永秀
张大卫

引用本文:

姜晓飞, 张冠伟, 胡永秀, 张大卫. 数控机床整机动态特性评价方法[J]. 工程设计学报, 2020, 27(2): 135-145.

JIANG Xiao-fei, ZHANG Guan-wei, HU Yong-xiu, ZHANG Da-wei. Evaluation method of dynamic characteristics of whole NC machine tool. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2020, 27(2): 135-145.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2020.00.018    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2020/V27/I2/135

[1] WECKM,TEIPEK. 金属切削机床的动态特性[M]. 张慧聪,李兴福,译.北京:机械工业出版社,1985：3-12. WECKM, TEIPEK. Dynamic characteristics of metal cutting machine tools[M]. Translated by ZHANG Hui-cong, LI Xing-fu. Beijing: China Machine Press, 1985：3-12.
[2] 张广鹏,黄玉美,赵宏林,等. 一种机床动态特性的模糊评价方法[J]. 制造技术与机床,2001(1):14-16. doi: 10. 3969/j.issn.1005-2402.2001.01.006 ZHANGGuang-peng, HUANGYu-mei, ZHAOHong-lin, et al. A fuzzy evaluating method for dynamics of machine tools[J]. Manufacturing Technology and Machine Tool, 2001(1): 14-16.
[3] 张广鹏,史文浩,黄玉美,等. 机床整机动态特性的预测解析建模方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报,2001,35(12): 1834-1837. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1006-2467.2001.12.017 ZHANGGuang-peng, SHIWen-hao, HUANGYu-mei, et al. Modeling and analysis method of dynamical characteristics for a whole machine tool structure[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2001,35(12): 1834-1837.
[4] 刘世豪,叶文华,唐敦兵,等. 基于层次分析法的数控机床性能模糊综合评判[J]. 山东大学学报(工学版),2010,40(1):68-72,92. LIUShi-hao, YEWen-hua, TANGDun-bing, et al. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for the performance of a numerical control machine tool based on the analytic hierarchy process[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Engineering Science), 2010, 40(1): 68-72, 92.
[5] YIGITA S, ULSOYA G. Dynamic stiffness evaluation for reconfigurable machine tools including weakly non-linear joint characteristics[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2002, 216(1): 87-101. doi:10.1243/0954405021519726
[6] 丁文政,汪木兰,朱松青,等. 高档数控机床动态性能的评价研究[J]. 机床与液压,2014,42(23):34-37. doi:10. 3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2014.23.009 DINGWen-zheng, WANGMu-lan, ZHUSong-qing, et al. Evaluation study of dynamic performance for high-grade CNC machine tools[J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulics, 2014, 42(23): 34-37.
[7] ALTINTASY, BRECHERC, WECKM, et al. Virtual machine tool[J]. CIRP Annals, 2005, 54(2): 115-138.
[8] 张生余. 由幅相频率特性评价机床的动态稳定性[J]. 振动、测试与诊断,1984(2):14-18. doi: 10. 16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801-1984.02.004 ZHANGSheng-yu. Using amplitude-phase frequency characteristics evaluate the dynamic stability of the machine tool[J]. Journal of Vibration Measurement and Diagnosis, 1984(2): 14-18.
[9] 张耀满,王旭东,蔡光起,等. 高速机床有限元分析及其动态性能试验[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2004(12):15-17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2265.2004.12.006 ZHANGYao-man, WANGXu-dong, CAIGuang-qi, et al. FEA and dynamic characteristic experiment of high speed machine tool[J]. Modular Machine Tool and Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2004(12): 15-17.
[10] LEE J H, YANGS H, KIMY S. Evaluation for static and dynamic characteristics of a miniaturized machine tool according to its configuration[C]//ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Chicago， Nov. 5-10， 2006. doi:10.1115/IMECE2006-14261
[11] WANGJ J J, CHANGH C. Extracting cutting constants via harmonic force components for a general helical end mill[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2004, 24(5/6): 415-424.doi: 10.1007/s00170-003-1664-4
[12] 刘强. 数控铣削加工过程仿真与优化[M]. 北京:航空工业出版社,2000：25-26. LIUQiang. NC milling machining process simulation and optimization[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2000： 25-26.
[13] 王俊强. 机床整机结构方案设计系统及其关键技术研究[D]. 天津:天津大学机械工程学院,2017：94-97. WANGJun-qiang. Research on the scheme design system and its key techniques for machine tool structure[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, School of Mechanical Engineering, 2017： 94-97.
[14] 顾思闽,胡小秋,汪振华. 机床固定结合面动态特性参数实验研究[J]. 机床与液压,2011,39(17):12-14. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2011.17.004 GUSi-min, HUXiao-qiu, WANGZhen-hua. Experimental research on dynamic characteristic parameters of fixed joints[J]. Machine Tool and Hydraulics, 2011, 39(17): 12-14.
[15] 李建华,赵翠萍. 螺栓结合面接触刚度和接触阻尼[J]. 郑州大学学报(自然科学版),1993,25(4):53-57. LIJian-hua, ZHAOCui-ping. On contact stiffness and contact damping of bolted joints[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Natural Science), 1993, 25(4): 53-57.
[16] GUOT, LIL, CAIL, et al. Alternative method for identification of the dynamic properties of bolted joints[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2012, 26(10): 3017-3027. doi:10.1007/s122-06-012-0815-7
[17] DENGCong-ying, YINGuo-fu,FANGHui, et al. Dynamic characteristics optimization for a whole vertical machining center based on the configuration of joint stiffness[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2015, 76(5): 1225-1242.doi:10.1007/s00170-014-6355-9
[18] HUNGJ P, LAIY L, LINC Y, et al. Modeling the machining stability of a vertical milling machine under the influence of the preloaded linear guide[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2011, 51(9): 731-739. doi:10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2011.05.002
[1] 孙之琳, 王凯峰, 陈永亮, 薛德意, 顾佩华. 产品可适应设计评价的信息熵方法[J]. 工程设计学报, 2021, 28(1): 1-13.
[2] 张超, 韩晓明, 李强, 李池. 冲击载荷下永磁式电涡流减振器设计及动态特性分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2020, 27(6): 786-794.
[3] 罗茹楠, 牛文铁, 王晨升. 基于机电-刚柔耦合特性的进给系统动态误差影响因素分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2019, 26(5): 561-569.
[4] 何改云, 张肖磊, 张大卫, 孙光明. 机床直线轴重复定位精度三维评价方法研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2019, 26(4): 371-378.
[5] 孙顺苗, 何彦, 吴鹏程, 王乐祥, 凌俊杰, 李军. 基于Storm流处理的数控机床运行数据监测方法的设计与实现[J]. 工程设计学报, 2019, 26(3): 245-251.
[6] 吴中义, 陈家兑, 王自勤. 一种液压式连续可变压缩比技术的研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2018, 25(2): 142-150.
[7] 陈洪月, 刘烈北, 毛君, 宋秋爽, 袁智. 激励与滚筒振动耦合下采煤机动力学特性分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2016, 23(3): 228-234.
[8] 刘媛媛，张 氢，秦仙蓉，孙远韬. 双折线卷筒岸桥起升系统动态特性研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2015, 22(5): 359-364.
[9] 刘媛媛，张 氢，秦仙蓉，孙远韬. 双折线卷筒岸桥起升系统动态特性研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2015, 22(4): 359-364.
[10] 谢 苗，白雅静，毛 君，董先瑞，卢进南. 不同工况下超前支护装备的模态分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2015, 22(3): 236-242.
[11] 平恩顺，檀润华，孙建广，张建辉. 基于突变理论的机械产品突破性创新耗散结构模型及其评价[J]. 工程设计学报, 2014, 21(6): 513-521.
[12] 李海超，姚运仕，冯忠绪. 液体融雪剂洒布管路系统动态仿真研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2014, 21(3): 259-265.
[13] 易圣先, 赵俊生, 殷勍. 结构参数对浮环轴承动态特性的影响研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2013, 20(6): 512-516.
[14] 张怀亮, 袁坚, 邹伟. 基础振动下直动式减压阀动态特性分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2013, 20(4): 298-302.
[15] 谢英俊, 娄相芽, 金波, 刘金榕. 电液可变气门高速开关阀用电磁铁设计与研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2010, 17(2): 138-145.