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工程设计学报
工程设计学报  2019, Vol. 26 Issue (4): 371-378    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2019.04.001
设计理论与方法学     
机床直线轴重复定位精度三维评价方法研究
何改云, 张肖磊, 张大卫, 孙光明
天津大学 机构理论与装备设计教育部重点实验室， 天津 300072
Research on three-dimensional evaluation method for repeated positioning accuracy of machine tool linear axis
HE Gai-yun, ZHANG Xiao-lei, ZHANG Da-wei, SUN Guang-ming
Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education， Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354, China
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摘要： 重复定位精度是机床的一个重要性能指标，会直接影响加工产品的质量一致性。现有以直线轴运动方向的位置偏差作为评价指标的一维评价方法已经不适用于精密机床重复定位精度的评价。为了更全面地评价机床直线轴重复定位精度，提出了机床直线轴重复定位精度的三维评价方法，以球概率误差半径作为评价指标，将一维定位评价扩展到三维空间评价。首先，以卧式加工机床为例，通过齐次坐标变换建立了运动件单轴和机床的重复定位精度的数学模型，对现有一维评价方法的局限性进行分析。其次，基于卡方分布的性质，对球概率误差半径的计算过程进行简化。最后，通过简化的球概率误差半径计算方法对机床直线轴重复定位精度进行评价。以精密卧式机床的工作台为研究对象，通过实验对一维评价方法和三维评价方法进行了对比，结果表明，以球概率误差半径为评价指标的三维评价结果与定位点空间分布的离散程度基本一致。采用三维评价方法可以使机床重复定位精度的评价更加全面，可为机床整体性能的提升提供更可靠的理论指导。
Abstract: Repeated positioning accuracy is an important performance index of machine tools，which directly affects the quality consistency of processed products. The existing one-dimensional evaluation method, which takes the position deviation of linear axis motion direction as the evaluation parameter, is no longer suitable for evaluating the repeated positioning accuracy of precision machine tools. To make the evaluation more comprehensive, a three-dimensional method for evaluating the repeated positioning accuracy of machine tool linear axis is proposed. The one-dimensional positioning evaluation is extended to three-dimensional spatial evaluation by taking the spherical probability error radius as the evaluation index. Firstly, the mathematical model of the repeated positioning accuracy of the uniaxial motion parts and machine tool was established by homogeneous coordinate transformation, and the limitation of the existing one-dimensional evaluation method was analyzed. Secondly, the calculation process of the spherical probability error radius was simplified based on the properties of Chi-square distribution. Finally, the repeated positioning accuracy of machine tool linear axis was evaluated by the simplified spherical probability error radius calculation method. Taking the worktable of precision horizontal machine tool as the research object, the comparison between one-dimensional evaluation method and three-dimensional evaluation method was carried out through experiments. The results showed that the three-dimensional evaluation results based on the spherical probability error radius were basically consistent with the dispersion degree of spatial distribution of location points. Using the three-dimensional evaluation method can make the evaluation for repeated positioning accuracy of machine tools more comprehensive, and provide more reliable theoretical guidance for improving the overall performance of machine tools.
收稿日期: 2018-11-02 出版日期: 2019-08-28
CLC:  TH 121  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51675378）；国家科技重大专项资金资助项目（2014ZX04014-031）
作者简介: 何改云(1965—)，女，天津人，教授，博士生导师，博士，从事现代质量控制和CAD/CAM/CAI集成技术等研究，E-mail:hegaiyun@tju.edu.cn，https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-0418
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引用本文:

何改云, 张肖磊, 张大卫, 孙光明. 机床直线轴重复定位精度三维评价方法研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2019, 26(4): 371-378.

HE Gai-yun, ZHANG Xiao-lei, ZHANG Da-wei, SUN Guang-ming. Research on three-dimensional evaluation method for repeated positioning accuracy of machine tool linear axis. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2019, 26(4): 371-378.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2019.04.001    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2019/V26/I4/371

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