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工程设计学报
工程设计学报  2022, Vol. 29 Issue (5): 527-536    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.065
设计理论与方法     
多准则模糊关联的机械产品关键元动作识别
李雪萍(),冉琰()
重庆大学 机械传动国家重点实验室，重庆 400044
Key meta-action identification for mechanical product with multi-criteria fuzzy association
Xue-ping LI(),Yan RAN()
State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
 全文: PDF(2145 KB)   HTML
摘要：

关键零件作为复杂机械产品的核心，对实现产品功能具有重要作用。然而，产品中零件数目庞大且具有耦合关系，导致识别关键零件十分困难。为实现产品关键单元的识别，从元动作出发，提出了一种面向复杂机械产品的多准则模糊关联综合评价的关键元动作识别方法。首先，利用“功能—运动—动作（fuction?montion?action， FMA）”的分解方法将复杂机械产品分解至最小运动单元——元动作；其次，基于不同元动作之间的运动和结构关系建立三角模糊评价矩阵，将证据理论与模糊关系结合，提出了模糊证据理论算法，实现了元动作之间不同关联信息的融合，解决了元动作之间信息模糊或缺失的问题，并在此基础上利用三角模糊数可能度关系的指标权重确定方法实现对元动作重要度的排序；最后，以国产某型号数控加工中心的转台为例，验证了该方法的合理性与有效性。研究表明：FMA分解方法从运动角度出发，可以简化整机的分解过程，有效表征产品零件的运动关系；从元动作的结构和运动关系分析元动作之间的相关性可以更好地研究元动作之间的耦合性；将证据理论带入模糊关系中进行不同元动作之间的关联信息融合，可以解决信息模糊问题。通过对元动作重要度的排序识别关键元动作，为后续对元动作单元的研究奠定了基础。
关键词： 机械产品;  关键元动作;  模糊关联;  信息融合;  三角模糊数    
Abstract:

As the core of complex mechanical product, key parts play an important role in realizing product functions. However, it is very difficult to identify key parts because of the large number of parts and their coupling relationship. In order to realize the identification of key units of product, a method of key meta-action identification for complex mechanical product based on multi-criteria fuzzy association comprehensive evaluation was proposed from the perspective of meta-action. Firstly, the complex mechanical product was decomposed into the smallest motion unit?meta-action, by using the decomposition method of fuction-montion-action (FMA); secondly, a triangular fuzzy evaluation matrix was established based on the motion and structure relationship between different meta-actions. Combining evidence theory and fuzzy relationship, a fuzzy evidence theory algorithm was proposed to achieve the fusion of different associated information between meta-actions, solve the problem of information ambiguity or missing between meta-actions. On this basis, the ranking of the importance of meta-actions was realized by using the method of determining the index weight of the possible degree relationship of triangular fuzzy numbers; finally, taking the turntable of a domestic NC （numerical control） machining center as an example, the rationality and effectiveness of the method were verified. The research showed that FMA decomposition method could simplify the decomposition process of the whole machine from the perspective of motion, and effectively characterize the motion relationship of product parts; the coupling between meta-actions could be better studied by analyzing the association between meta-actions from the structure and motion relationship of meta-actions; the problem of information fuzziness could be solved by introducing evidence theory into fuzzy relations to fuse the related information between different meta-actions. By sorting the importance of meta-actions, key meta-actions were identified, which laid a foundation for the subsequent research on meta-action units.
Key words: mechanical product    key meta-action    fuzzy association    information fusion    triangular fuzzy number
收稿日期: 2021-10-27 出版日期: 2022-11-02
CLC:  TH 122  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51835001)
通讯作者: 冉琰     E-mail: 2322785410@qq.com;ranyan@cqu.edu.cn
作者简介: 李雪萍（1998—），女，四川彭山人，硕士生，从事现代质量工程、数控机床可靠性技术研究，E-mail：2322785410@qq.com，https：//orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-7861
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引用本文:

李雪萍,冉琰. 多准则模糊关联的机械产品关键元动作识别[J]. 工程设计学报, 2022, 29(5): 527-536.

Xue-ping LI,Yan RAN. Key meta-action identification for mechanical product with multi-criteria fuzzy association[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2022, 29(5): 527-536.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.065    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2022/V29/I5/527

图1  FMA结构层次分解过程
零件分类定义
输入件接收邻接上游元动作或提供动力和运动的零件
中间件连接输入件和输出件并传递动力和运动的零件
输出件输出动力和运动到邻接下游元动作的零件或该元动作的运动执行件
支撑件提供装配基准，保证各零件相互位置精度的零件
紧固件连接2个或多个零件为一体，且使被连接件间无相对运动的零件
表1  元动作单元组成零件的分类及定义
图2  元动作单元结构示意
图3  关键元动作识别流程
三角模糊数模糊语义等级
（0，1，2）无关紧要的1
（2，3，4）不重要的2
（4，5，6）一般重要的3
（6，7，8）重要的4
（8，9，10）非常重要的5
表2  三角模糊数与模糊语义的对应关系
运动关联关系三角模糊数
两元动作对某一运动的实现不存在关联性（0，1，2）
一元动作对另一元动作完成同一运动的协同作用较弱（2，3，4）
一元动作对另一元动作完成同一运动的协同作用一般（4，5，6）
一元动作对另一元动作完成同一运动的协同作用较强（6，7，8）
两元动作对完成同一运动缺一不可（8，9，10）
表3  元动作运动关联性的语义描述与三角模糊数的对应关系
结构关联关系三角模糊数
两元动作不存在联系（0，1，2）
两元动作无共用件，但传递某介质（2，3，4）
两元动作有共用件，但不传递介质（4，5，6）
两元动作无共用件，但传递能量（6，7，8）
两元动作的共用件传递扭矩等能量（8，9，10）
表4  元动作结构关联性的语义描述与三角模糊数的对应关系
图4  数控转台结构1—蜗杆；2—轴承；3—隔套；4—端盖；5—止动垫圈；6—螺母；7—电机；8—联轴器；9—螺钉；10—锁紧油路；11—密封盖；12—止动垫圈；13—平键；14—蜗轮；15—螺母；16—齿轮轴；17—螺钉；18—齿轮轴轴承；19—下齿盘； 20—上齿盘；21—密封罩壳；22—轴承；23—升降油缸；24—活塞；25—螺钉；26—顶杆；27—顶杆螺钉；28—母锥；29—拉爪；30—拉钉；31—公锥；32—小弹簧；33—活塞；34—大弹簧； 35—回转体；36—托架；37—活塞；38—心轴； 39—升降油路。
图5  数控转台FMA结构化分解
A1A2A3A4A5A6
A11

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0.6

(8,9,10),0.4

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

A2

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.6

(4,5,6),0.2

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),1

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

A3

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.6

(4,5,6),0.2

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),1

1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),1

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

A4

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0.4

(6,7,8),0.4

(8,9,10),0.2

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),1

1

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.8

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0.4

(2,3,4),0.6

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

A5

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.8

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0.2

(8,9,10),0.8

A6

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.8

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0.2

(8,9,10),0.8

1
表5  数控转台元动作之间运动关联关系评价结果
A1A2A3A4A5A6
A11

(0,1,2),0.6

(2,3,4),0.4

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2)0.2

(2,3,4)0.4

(4,5,6),0.4

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),1

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.2

(4,5,6),0.6

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.2

(4,5,6),0.6

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

A2

(0,1,2),0.6

(2,3,4),0.4

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),1

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),1

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

A3

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.4

(4,5,6),0.4

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),1

(8,9,10),0

1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),1

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

A4

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),1

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),1

(8,9,10),0

1

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.2

(4,5,6),0.6

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.2

(4,5,6),0.6

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

A5

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.2

(4,5,6),0.6

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.2

(4,5,6),0.6

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

1

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0.2

(8,9,10),0.8

A6

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.2

(4,5,6),0.6

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),1

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0.2

(2,3,4),0.2

(4,5,6),0.6

(6,7,8),0

(8,9,10),0

(0,1,2),0

(2,3,4),0

(4,5,6),0

(6,7,8),0.2

(8,9,10),0.8

1
表6  数控转台元动作之间结构关联关系评价结果
A1A2A3A4A5A6
A11(0.20,1.20,2.20)(0.70,1.70,2.70)(7.31,8.31,9.31)(0.82,1.82,2.82)(0.82,1.82,2.82)
A2(1.58,2.58,3.58)1(7.36,8.36,9.36)(7.36,8.36,9.36)(0,1,2)(0,1,2)
A3(2.14,3.14,4.14)(7.36,8.36,9.36)1(7.36,8.36,9.36)(0,1,2)(0,1,2)
A4(6.51,7.51,8.51)(7.36,8.36,9.36)(7.36,8.36,9.36)1(1.95,2.95,3.95)(1.67,2.67,3.67)
A5(0.82,1.82,2.82)(0,1,2)(0,1,2)(1.95,2.95,3.95)1(7.67,8.67,9.67)
A6(0.82,1.82,2.82)(0,1,2)(0,1,2)(1.95,2.95,3.95)(7.67,8.67,9.67)1
表7  数控转台元动作之间综合关联关系评价结果
图6  数控转台元动作重要度对比
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