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工程设计学报
工程设计学报  2019, Vol. 26 Issue (4): 416-422    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2019.04.007
工业设计     
基于Fitts定律的虚拟现实小目标选择模型
尤乾, 吕健, 李阳, 金昱潼, 赵子健
贵州大学 现代制造技术教育部重点实验室， 贵州 贵阳 550025
Small target selection model in virtual reality based on Fitts' law
YOU Qian, Lü Jian, LI Yang, JIN Yu-tong, ZHAO Zi-jian
Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025， China
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摘要： 为了准确地选择虚拟现实人机交互过程中的小目标，避免因手和控制器抖动导致选择精度较低等情况，提出了一种基于Fitts定律的虚拟情境中有效测算小目标交互时间的方法。首先，类比图形用户界面中的移动距离和目标宽度，明确了虚拟情境中Fitts定律的适用性。其次，设计实验并对虚拟情境下的Fitts公式进行回归分析，得到相关系数R2=0.896 3，说明预测时间与真实时间有偏差。接着，利用MATLAB cftool拟合工具箱对不同目标尺寸进行回归分析，结合方差分析发现拟合直线的截距与目标尺寸之间显著相关，结合虚拟情境的Fitts公式建立了虚拟现实小目标选择模型。然后，对新模型进行多元回归分析，确定相关系数R2=0.976 7,说明新模型能够有效预测捕获小目标的时间；分析了运动方向对交互时间的影响，结果表明新模型在不同运动方向下都具有良好的适用性，能够有效指导虚拟情境交互任务中良好目标尺寸的计算。最后，以某VR（virtual reality，虚拟现实）隧道救援体验系统为例进行实验评估。实验结果表明，利用该模型能够在获取虚拟现实小目标时有效减少用户的交互时间，提供更好的用户体验。研究结果能为相关设计开发人员确定虚拟情境下的界面布局提供有效指导，并一定程度上优化用户的交互体验。
Abstract: In order to accurately select small target in the process of human-computer interaction in virtual reality and avoid the poor user selection accuracy due to the hand and controller jitter, a method was proposed based on Fitts' law to effectively measure the interaction time of small target in virtual situation. Firstly, the applicability of Fitts' law in virtual environment was clarified by analogy of moving distance and target width in graphical user interface. Secondly, the experiment was designed and the regression analysis of Fitts's formula in virtual situation was carried out. The correlation coefficient R2=0.896 3 indicated that the prediction time deviated from the real time. Then, MATLAB cftool was used to perform linear regression for different target sizes. Combined with the analysis of variance, the intercept of the fitted line was significantly correlated with the target size, and then combined with the Fitts's formula in virtual situation, the small target selection model was established in virtual reality. The new model was subjected to multiple regression analysis to determine the correlation coefficient R2=0.976 7, which indicated that the new model could effectively predict the time of capturing small target. Then the influence of the motion direction on the interaction time was analyzed. The new model had good applicability to different motion directions and it could effectively guide to calculate the good selection size in the virtual context interaction task. Finally, a virtual reality tunnel rescue experience system was taken as an example for experimental evaluation. The results indicated that using this model could effectively reduce the user interaction time and provide a better user experience when acquiring small target in virtual reality. The research results can provide effective guidance for the design developer to determine the interface layout in virtual situation and optimize the user interaction experience to some extent.
收稿日期: 2019-01-14 出版日期: 2019-08-28
CLC:  TP 391  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51865004)；贵州省科技厅基金资助项目([2017]1046，[2017]2016，[2018]1049)
通讯作者: 吕健(1983—)，男，河北承德人，副教授，硕士生导师，博士，从事工业设计与交互设计研究，E-mail：jlv@gzu.edu.cn     E-mail: jlv@gzu.edu.cn
作者简介: 尤乾(1994—)，男，安徽阜阳人，硕士生，从事信息与交互设计研究，E-mail：youqian411@qq.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-173X
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引用本文:

尤乾, 吕健, 李阳, 金昱潼, 赵子健. 基于Fitts定律的虚拟现实小目标选择模型[J]. 工程设计学报, 2019, 26(4): 416-422.

YOU Qian, Lü Jian, LI Yang, JIN Yu-tong, ZHAO Zi-jian. Small target selection model in virtual reality based on Fitts' law. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2019, 26(4): 416-422.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2019.04.007    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2019/V26/I4/416

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