激光<strong>-PDC</strong>钻头联合破岩机理及特性研究

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.032

工程设计学报

2023, Vol. 30

Issue (3): 315-324 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.032

机械设计理论与方法

激光-PDC钻头联合破岩机理及特性研究

黄志强(

),梁耀文,陈科,翟预立,雷雨薇

西南石油大学机电工程学院，四川成都 610500

Research on the mechanism and characteristic of joint rock-breaking of laser-PDC drill bit

Zhiqiang HUANG(

),Yaowen LIANG,Ke CHEN,Yuli ZHAI,Yuwei LEI

School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China

全文: PDF(7291 KB) HTML

摘要：

随着我国油气勘探逐步向深层、超深层和复杂难钻岩层转移，现有的机械钻头存在着破岩效率低及作业成本高等问题。因此，提出了一种新型激光-PDC钻头，以实现高效破岩和节能降耗。采用有限元方法，基于岩石HJC（Holmquist-Johnson-Cook）本构模型，建立了激光-PDC（polycrystalline diamond compact，聚晶金刚石复合片）钻头联合破岩非线性动力学模型，开展了激光-PDC钻头联合破岩仿真研究。仿真结果表明：激光的辐射作用使岩石表面受辐射区域产生了较高的温度和较大的预应力，进而在岩石表面形成了相互贯穿的损伤带，降低了岩石强度，更有利于切削齿破碎岩石；与无激光单PDC钻头相比，激光-PDC钻头在破岩过程中受到的反扭矩降低了24.8%，钻头轴向加速度波动幅度降低了10.5%，钻进位移增加了8.67 mm，钻进速度提升了112.79%。搭建了激光-机械联合破岩实验台架，进行了激光-PDC钻头联合破岩实验。实验结果表明，激光-PDC钻头联合破岩有着更好的钻进稳定性和连续性，大大提高了破岩效率。研究结果为激光-机械破岩技术的发展和应用提供了一定的理论支撑和技术支持。

关键词： 激光-PDC（polycrystalline diamond compact，聚晶金刚石复合片）钻头; 联合破岩; 激光辐射; 破岩特性

Abstract:

With the gradual shift of oil and gas exploration to deep, ultra-deep and complex rock formations, the existing mechanical drill bits have the problems of low rock breaking efficiency and high operating cost. Therefore, a new type of laser-PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit was proposed to achieve efficient rock-breaking and energy-saving and cost-reducing. Using finite element method and based on the HJC (Holmquist-Johnson-Cook) constitutive model of rock, a nonlinear dynamic model of laser-PDC drill bit joint rock-breaking was established, and simulation research on laser-PDC drill bit joint rock-breaking was conducted. The simulation results showed that the radiation effect of laser generated higher temperature and greater prestress in the radiated area of rock surface, which in turn formed interpenetrating damage zones on the rock surface, reduced the strength of the rock, and was more conducive to cutting teeth to break the rock; compared with non-laser single PDC drill bit, laser-PDC drill bit experienced a 24.8% reduction in anti-torque during rock breaking, a 10.5% reduction in axial acceleration fluctuation, an increase in drilling displacement of 8.67 mm, and an increase in drilling speed of 112.79%. A laser-mechanical joint rock-breaking experimental bench was built to conduct laser-PDC drill bit joint rock-breaking experiment. The experimental results showed that laser-PDC drill bit joint rock-breaking had better drilling stability and continuity, greatly improving the rock-breaking efficiency. The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the development and application of laser-mechanical rock-breaking technology.

Key words: laser-PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit joint rock-breaking laser radiation rock-breaking characteristic

收稿日期: 2022-08-15 出版日期: 2023-07-06

CLC:

TE 242.9

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51974272);四川省科技计划项目(2021JDRC0119);四川省科技创新苗子工程项目(2022035)

作者简介: 黄志强（1968—），男，四川眉山人，教授，博士，从事石油天然气装备研究，E-mail: huangzq@swpu.edu.cn, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7809-3241

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引用本文:

黄志强,梁耀文,陈科,翟预立,雷雨薇. 激光-PDC钻头联合破岩机理及特性研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2023, 30(3): 315-324.

Zhiqiang HUANG,Yaowen LIANG,Ke CHEN,Yuli ZHAI,Yuwei LEI. Research on the mechanism and characteristic of joint rock-breaking of laser-PDC drill bit[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2023, 30(3): 315-324.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.032 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2023/V30/I3/315

图1 激光-PDC钻头的结构

图2 椭圆形光束辐射示意图

图3 激光-PDC钻头激光通道示意图

图4 激光-PDC钻头联合破岩有限元模型

图5 激光布置方式及激光与切削齿的耦合关系示意

图6 椭圆形激光光束的能量分布

图7 HJC强度模型

图8 HJC损伤模型

表1 花岗岩热物理性能及力学性能参数

表2 花岗岩HJC本构模型参数

图9 激光-PDC钻头钻进过程中岩石表面温度云图

图10 钻头钻进过程中岩石表面应力云图

图11 钻头钻进过程中岩石表面损伤云图

图12 岩石对钻头的反扭矩曲线

图13 钻头轴向加速度曲线

图14 钻头钻进位移曲线

图15 钻头钻进速度曲线

图16 激光-机械联合破岩实验台架

表3 激光-机械联合破岩实验台架的主要技术参数

图17 激光-机械联合破岩实验设备的安装及调试

图18 激光-PDC钻头联合破岩实验过程

图19 激光-PDC钻头联合破岩后井底形貌

图20 激光-PDC钻头钻进速度实验值与仿真值的对比

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