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工程设计学报
工程设计学报  2021, Vol. 28 Issue (5): 559-568    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2021.00.076
优化设计     
悬立式深海钴结壳采矿头的参数化设计与优化
赵波, 赵海鸣, 刘晨, 胡刚
中南大学 机电工程学院， 湖南 长沙 410083
Parametric design and optimization of suspended mining head for deep-sea cobalt crust
ZHAO Bo, ZHAO Hai-ming, LIU Chen, HU Gang
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering， Central South University， Changsha 410083， China
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摘要： 传统的螺旋滚筒式钴结壳采矿头在实际开采过程中会使较多的废石混入。为了能在复杂多变的海底矿区实现对钴结壳的精确剥离以及提高开采率，有必要设计一种可高效开采的采矿头。首先，针对海底钴结壳分布的地貌特征，提出了采矿头设计的基本要求并设计了一种悬立式采矿头，同时建立了其参数化设计的数学模型。然后，基于所设计的悬立式采矿头，以降低钴结壳破碎过程中的比能耗为目标，以采矿头截齿不发生干涉、合理布置截距、钴结壳产能达标及最大功率限制等为约束条件，建立了悬立式采矿头结构参数和工作参数的优化模型，并采用遗传算法进行求解。最后，为了验证优化模型的合理性，利用ABAQUS软件模拟了悬立式采矿头破碎钴结壳的过程，得到了优化前后采矿头破碎钴结壳的比能耗，并基于载荷波动特性对采矿头的稳定性进行了对比评价。理论计算结果表明，优化后悬立式采矿头破碎钴结壳的比能耗较优化前约降低了44%。仿真模拟结果表明，优化后悬立式采矿头破碎钴结壳的比能耗和所受载荷的波动系数较优化前分别降低了18%和31.3%，验证了优化模型的有效性。所设计的悬立式采矿头不仅在能耗、载荷波动方面有显著的改善效果，且能更好地适应海底钴结壳的分布特征，这可为深海钴结壳商业化开采的实现提供重要依据。
Abstract: The traditional spiral drum type cobalt crust mining head will mix a lot of waste rocks in the actual mining process. In order to realize the accurate stripping of cobalt crusts in complex and changeable seabed mining areas and improve mining rate, it is necessary to design a mining head that can be mined efficiently. Firstly, aiming at the geomorphic characteristics of the seabed cobalt crust distribution, the basic requirements for mining head design were put forward, and a suspended mining head was designed and its parametric design mathematical model was established. Then, based on the designed suspended mining head, with the goal of reducing the specific energy consumption in the crushing process of cobalt crust, taking the non-interference of mining head pick, reasonable layout of intercept distance, cobalt crust production capacity compliance and maximum power limit as constraints, an optimization model of structural parameters and working parameters of the suspended mining head was established and solved by the genetic algorithm. Lastly, in order to verify the rationality of the optimization model, the ABAQUS software was used to simulate the crushing process of cobalt crusts by the suspended mining head, and the specific energy consumption of crushing cobalt crusts by the mining head before and after optimization was obtained, and the stability of the mining head was compared and evaluated based on the load fluctuation characteristics. The theoretical calculation results showed that the specific energy consumption of crushing cobalt crust by the suspended mining head after optimization was about 44% lower than that before optimization. The simulation results showed that the specific energy consumption and the load fluctuation coefficient of crushing cobalt crust by the suspended mining head after optimization were reduced by 18% and 31.3% than those before optimization, which verified that the effectiveness of the optimization model. The designed suspended mining head can not only significantly improve the energy consumption and load fluctuation, but also can better adapt to the distribution characteristics of seabed cobalt crusts, which can provide an important basis for the commercial mining of deep-sea cobalt crusts.
收稿日期: 2020-12-03 出版日期: 2021-10-28
CLC:  TH 122  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51874353）
通讯作者: 赵海鸣（1966—），男，湖南邵阳人，教授，硕士，从事深海资源勘测与机电一体化研究，E-mail：zhm0097@126.com     E-mail: zhm0097@126.com
作者简介: 赵波（1995—），男，江西吉安人，硕士生，从事深海采矿设备的设计与破碎特性研究，E-mail：15308432622@163.com，https：//orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-0458；
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引用本文:

赵波, 赵海鸣, 刘晨, 胡刚. 悬立式深海钴结壳采矿头的参数化设计与优化[J]. 工程设计学报, 2021, 28(5): 559-568.

ZHAO Bo, ZHAO Hai-ming, LIU Chen, HU Gang. Parametric design and optimization of suspended mining head for deep-sea cobalt crust. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2021, 28(5): 559-568.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2021.00.076    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2021/V28/I5/559

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