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工程设计学报
工程设计学报  2019, Vol. 26 Issue (6): 743-752    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2019.00.008
通用零部件设计     
压电驱动器可控预紧力主轴设计及性能分析
孔德帅1, 胡高峰1,2, 张冠伟1, 张大卫1
1.天津大学 机构理论与装备设计教育部重点实验室， 天津 300354
2.天津职业技术师范大学 高速切削与精密加工天津市重点实验室， 天津 300222
Design and performance analysis of variable preload spindle based on piezoelectric actuator
KONG De-shuai1, HU Gao-feng1,2, ZHANG Guan-wei1, ZHANG Da-wei1
1.Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300354，China
2.Tianjin Key laboratory of High Speed Cutting and Precision Machining, Tianjin University of Technology and Education，Tianjin 300222， China
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摘要： 可控预紧力主轴能够满足高速主轴在整个切削转速范围内热、动特性兼优的要求，已逐步成为智能主轴的重要发展方向。为弥补压电驱动器（piezoelectric actuator, PEA）可控预紧力主轴设计及选型方面的不足，提出一种具有分辨率高、响应快、对切削刚度影响小及结构紧凑等优点的PEA可控预紧力主轴结构。建立了静止状态和运行状态下的角接触球轴承刚度模型，并以此为基础建立了PEA可控预紧力主轴的等效力学模型，得到了预紧机构负载刚度随预紧位移的变化规律。然后，分析了PEA的输出特性，建立了预紧机构的实际输入输出模型，并通过该模型分析了初始预紧力和PEA刚度对预紧力控制区间的影响规律，进而提出了预紧机构设计选型原则。最后，应用提出的主轴结构和预紧机构设计选型原则设计了PEA可控预紧力主轴试验台。试验结果表明预紧力控制分辨率为1.5 N，阶跃响应时间为300 ms，验证了所建预紧机构实际输入输出模型的准确性；温度控制试验结果表明该主轴试验台具有良好的温度调控能力。研究结果可为实际工程中PEA可控预紧力主轴的设计提供指导。
关键词： 高速主轴;  可控预紧力;  压电驱动器;  温度控制    
Abstract: Variable preload spindle can meet the requirements of both thermal and dynamic characteristics of high-speed spindle in the whole cutting speed range, and has become an important development direction of the intelligent spindle. In order to make up for the deficiencies in the design and selection of variable preload spindle based on piezoelectric actuator (PEA), a variable preload spindle structure based on PEA with the advantages of high resolution, quick response， little influence on cutting stiffness and compact structure was presented. The stiffness models of angular contact ball bearing under static and running conditions were established. On this basis, the equivalent mechanical model of the variable preload spindle based on PEA was established and the change regulation of preload mechanism load stiffness with preload displacement was obtained. Furthermore, the actual input-output model of the preload mechanism was established by analyzing the output characteristics of PEA, and the influence of initial preload and the stiffness of PEA on the control range for preload was analyzed, and then, the design and selection principles of preload mechanism was proposed. Finally，a variable preload spindle test rig based on PEA was designed by applying the proposed spindle structure and the design and selection principles. Test results showed that the preload control resolution was 1.5 N and the step response time was 300 ms，and the accuracy of the actual input-output model of the preload mechanism was verified. The temperature control test results showed that the spindle test rig had great temperature control ability. The study results can provide guidance for the design of variable preload spindle based on PEA in engineering.
Key words: high-speed spindle    variable preload    piezoelectric actuator    temperature control
收稿日期: 2019-05-22 出版日期: 2019-12-28
CLC:  TG 502  
基金资助: 国家科技重大专项资金资助项目(2015ZX04005001)
通讯作者: 张大卫（1962—），男，山东临沂人，教授，博士，从事高速主轴、精密机床、微纳制造等研究, E-mail：medzhang1101@tju.edu.cn     E-mail: medzhang1101@tju.edu.cn
作者简介: 孔德帅(1995—)，男，河北黄骅人，硕士生，从事高速电主轴可控预紧力研究，E-mail:kongdeshuai@tju.edu.cn， https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-2334
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引用本文:

孔德帅, 胡高峰, 张冠伟, 张大卫. 压电驱动器可控预紧力主轴设计及性能分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2019, 26(6): 743-752.

KONG De-shuai, HU Gao-feng, ZHANG Guan-wei, ZHANG Da-wei. Design and performance analysis of variable preload spindle based on piezoelectric actuator. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2019, 26(6): 743-752.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2019.00.008    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2019/V26/I6/743

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