Diversity analysis of phenotypic traits and comprehensive evaluation of <i>Camellia oleifera</i> excellent germplasm resources

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.182

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2024, Vol. 50

Issue (2): 244-257 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.182

Research Articles

Diversity analysis of phenotypic traits and comprehensive evaluation of Camellia oleifera excellent germplasm resources

Kaifeng XING(

),Jian ZHANG(

),Shang CHEN,Lidong ZHANG,Haoxing XIE,Yao ZHAO,Jun RONG

School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China

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Abstract

Camellia oleifera is the woody oil crop with the highest total oil production and the largest cultivated area in China. To improve the mining and utilization of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources in China, this study used principal component analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, nested analysis of variance, multiple regression analysis, the coefficient of variation, the phenotypic differentiation coefficient, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index to explore the diversity of phenotypic traits of 560 C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources and the correlation between the phenotypic traits and environmental factors. The 560 C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated and ranked using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. The results showed that there was abundant genetic variation in the 560 C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of 34 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.05 to 2.35, with a mean value of 1.06, while the coefficients of variation for quantitative traits ranged from 3.02% to 53.33%, with a mean value of 23.25%. The mean values of the variance components among and within provenances of C. oleifera were 53.591% and 32.382%, respectively, indicating that the phenotypic trait similarity within provenances of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources was high and that its variation mainly originated from within provenances. With the increase of latitude and decrease of annual mean temperature, the single fruit mass, seed kernel oil content and saturated fatty acid content of C. oleifera showed a decreasing trend, while the unsaturated fatty acid content showed an increasing trend, indicating that latitude and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors limiting the growth of C. oleifera. The comprehensive evaluation and ranking results of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method showed that Changlin 4 had the highest comprehensive score index, and Zhejiang, Yunnan, Anhui, Hunan regions had several selected excellent germplasms in the rank of top 30. These results can provide data support for breeding and seed promotionof C. oleifera.

Key words： Camellia oleifera excellent germplasm resources phenotypic trait entropy-weighted TOPSIS method comprehensive evaluation

Received: 18 December 2023 Published: 25 April 2024

CLC:

S794.4

Corresponding Authors: Jian ZHANG E-mail: 2286639921@qq.com;zhangjianlab@126.com

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Cite this article:

Kaifeng XING,Jian ZHANG,Shang CHEN,Lidong ZHANG,Haoxing XIE,Yao ZHAO,Jun RONG. Diversity analysis of phenotypic traits and comprehensive evaluation of Camellia oleifera excellent germplasm resources. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(2): 244-257.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.182 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2024/V50/I2/244

普通油茶良种资源表型性状多样性分析与综合评价

普通油茶（Camellia oleifera）是我国总产油量最高、栽培面积最广的木本油料作物。为促进我国普通油茶良种资源的挖掘与利用，本研究使用主成分分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、巢式方差分析、多元回归分析等方法以及变异系数、表型分化系数、香农-维纳多样性指数，探究560份普通油茶良种资源的表型性状多样性及其与环境因子的相关性，并使用熵权TOPSIS法对560份普通油茶良种资源进行综合评价和排序。结果表明，560份普通油茶良种资源存在丰富的遗传多样性，34个表型性状的香农-维纳多样性指数为0.05～2.35，均值为1.06，数量性状的变异系数为3.02%～53.33%，均值为23.25%。普通油茶良种资源34个表型性状种源间和种源内的方差分量均值分别为53.591%和32.382%，说明普通油茶良种资源表型性状种源内相似性较高，其分化主要来自种源间。随着纬度的升高和年平均温度的降低，普通油茶良种资源平均单果质量、种仁含油率及饱和脂肪酸含量呈现下降趋势，而不饱和脂肪酸含量呈现上升趋势，表明纬度和年平均温度是限制普通油茶生长的主要因子。熵权TOPSIS法综合评价和排序结果显示，长林4号综合得分指数最高，浙江、云南、安徽、湖南等地区均有多个选育的良种综合排名在前30以内。本研究结果为普通油茶育种及良种推广提供了数据支撑。

关键词： 普通油茶, 良种资源, 表型性状, 熵权TOPSIS法, 综合评价

Table 1 Variation in 13 quantitative traits of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources

表型性状 Phenotypic trait	种源间 Among provenances			种源内 Within provenances			随机误差 Random error		表型分化系数 V_st/%
表型性状 Phenotypic trait	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	方差分量 Variance component/%	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	方差分量 Variance component/%	均方 Mean square	方差分量 Variance component/%	表型分化系数 V_st/%
均值 Mean	4.999	8.100	53.591	5.057	6.682	32.382	0.758	14.027	62.892
树形 Tree posture	2.611	2.704^**	53.373	1.316	1.363	26.901	0.965	19.726	66.488
嫩枝绒毛 Downy hairs on shoots	0.368	0.281	18.586	0.300	0.229	15.152	1.312	66.263	55.090
叶芽颜色 Leaf bud color	3.792	6.007^**	61.900	1.703	2.698	27.800	0.631	10.300	69.008
叶芽绒毛 Leaf bud fluff	1.605	3.583^**	65.403	0.401	0.895	16.341	0.448	18.256	80.010
嫩叶颜色 Young leaf color	5.001	6.072^**	57.083	2.936	3.564	33.512	0.824	9.405	63.009
老叶颜色 Old leaf color	5.487	6.083^**	19.042	22.426	24.863^**	77.828	0.902	3.130	19.658
叶片形状 Leaf shape	12.867	22.090^**	93.742	0.277	0.475	2.018	0.582	4.240	97.893
叶缘形状 Leaf margin shape	16.800	54.871^**	89.035	1.763	5.758^*	9.343	0.306	1.622	90.503
叶尖形状 Leaf tip shape	3.040	3.914^**	79.456	0.009	0.012	0.235	0.777	20.308	99.705
叶基形状 Leaf base shape	4.368	5.865^**	38.539	6.221	8.352^**	54.888	0.745	6.573	41.250
叶长 Leaf length	1.969	2.399^**	12.598	12.839	15.642^**	82.149	0.821	5.253	13.297
叶宽 Leaf width	2.656	2.862^**	19.557	9.997	10.772^**	73.610	0.928	6.833	20.991
叶形指数 Leaf shape index	4.388	5.115^**	82.497	0.073	0.085	1.372	0.858	16.131	98.364
萼片绒毛 Sepal villus	0.713	1.103	30.588	0.971	1.501	41.656	0.647	27.756	42.340
花瓣颜色 Petal color	0.329	0.358	21.391	0.291	0.317	18.921	0.918	59.688	53.065
雄蕊与雌蕊高度 Stamen and pistil heights	3.377	3.478^**	44.405	3.257	3.354	42.827	0.971	12.768	50.904
柱头开裂 Column head cracks	8.071	8.903^**	47.902	7.871	8.682^**	46.715	0.907	5.383	50.627
子房绒毛 Ovarian villus	1.161	1.652	62.285	0	0.001	0	0.703	37.715	100.000
果实表面形状 Fruit surface shape	1.972	2.742^**	38.674	2.408	3.347	47.225	0.719	14.101	45.023
果实形状 Fruit shape	8.046	12.382^**	83.068	0.990	1.523	10.221	0.650	6.711	89.044
果实颜色 Fruit color	4.449	4.878^**	61.655	1.855	2.033	25.707	0.912	12.639	70.574
平均单果质量 Average fruit mass	8.552	11.592^**	92.046	0.001	0.001	0.011	0.738	7.943	99.988
鲜出籽率 Fresh seed yield	3.829	3.912^**	68.510	0.781	0.798	13.974	0.979	17.517	83.059
种皮颜色 Testa color	5.723	7.615^**	45.522	6.097	8.113^**	48.497	0.752	5.982	48.418
种仁含油率 Seed kernel oil content	6.963	10.945^**	66.371	2.892	4.546^*	27.566	0.636	6.062	70.654
油酸含量 Oleic acid content	2.906	3.013^**	25.309	7.612	7.893^**	66.295	0.964	8.396	27.629
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content	4.472	7.417^**	25.444	12.501	20.736	71.125	0.603	3.431	26.348
亚麻酸含量 Linolenic acid content	5.759	7.298^**	51.720	4.587	5.813^*	41.194	0.789	7.086	55.664
硬脂酸含量 Stearic acid content	3.510	5.517^**	59.979	1.706	2.681	29.152	0.636	10.868	67.293
棕榈酸含量 Palmitic acid content	4.545	10.749^**	91.210	0.015	0.036	0.301	0.423	8.489	99.671
饱和脂肪酸含量 Saturated fatty acid content	2.720	2.715^**	59.350	0.861	0.859	18.787	1.002	21.863	75.956
不饱和脂肪酸含量 Unsaturated fatty acid content	2.710	6.936^**	75.487	0.489	1.253	13.621	0.391	10.891	84.714
盛花期 Prime flowering period	15.932	27.966^**	64.452	8.217	14.424^**	33.242	0.570	2.306	65.974
果熟期 Fruit ripening period	9.268	12.398^**	15.903	48.262	64.558^**	82.813	0.748	1.284	16.110

Table 2 Variance components of phenotypic traits and phenotypic differentiation coefficient among populations of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources

Table 3 Correlation analysis of 13 quantitative traits of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources

Table 4 Mean values of phenotypic traits of different groups of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources

Fig. 1 PCA eigenvalues, contribution rates and cumulative contribution rates of 13 quantitative traits of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources

Fig. 2 Cluster analysis of 560 C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources based on 12 quantitative traits

Fig. 3 Correlation analysis between traits of average fruit mass, seed kernel oil content, saturated fatty acid content, and unsaturated fatty acid content with latitude of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources

Fig. 4 Correlation analysis between traits of seed kernel oil content, saturated fatty acid content, unsaturated fatty acid content, and average fruit mass with environmental climate variablesof C. oleifera

Table 5 Correlation analysis between environmental factors and 13 quantitative traits of C. oleifera excellent germplasm resources


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