Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of lettuce

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.03.161

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2023, Vol. 49

Issue (2): 229-240 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.03.161

Resource utilization & environmental protection

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of lettuce

Qili MU(

),Kaijun CHEN,Yuhang LI,Tingqiang LI(

)

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China

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Abstract

To evaluate phytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on plants, the effects of 0, 5, 50, 250 mg/L ZnO NPs on nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of lettuce were studied using hydroponic culture with Zn²⁺ and^{bulk ZnO as comparisons. The results showed that ZnO NPs inhibited the growth of lettuce, and biomass of lettuce decreased obviously with the increase of ZnO NPs concentration. Under the 5-250 mg/L ZnO NPs treatments, the contents of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) in the shoots of lettuce were reduced by 18.0%-33.3%, 19.0%-28.6%, 17.2%-28.3% and 17.4%-33.8%, respectively. Further-more, 50 and 250 mg/L ZnO NPs treatments significantly decreased the chlorophyll content and chloroplast activity of lettuce. Under the 5-250 mg/L ZnO NPs treatments, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) and transpiration rate (T_r) of lettuce decreased by 33.7%-75.0%, 21.3%-36.7%, 11.2%-29.0% and 30.7%-83.4%, respectively; the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical quantum yield (Φ_PSⅡ), and electron transport rate decreased by 6.3%-18.8%, 7.0%-14.0%, 5.0%-20.0% and 5.8%-20.7%, respectively. The inhibition of 250 mg/L ZnO NPs on the photosynthesis of lettuce was much greater than that of the corresponding Zn²⁺ release amount and bulk ZnO with the same concentration. These results indicate that ZnO NPs can inhibit the photosynthesis of lettuce by affecting the mineral nutrient absorption, hindering the chlorophyll synthesis, and reducing the photosystem Ⅱ activity.}

Key words： zinc oxide nanoparticles nutrient uptake photosynthesis phytotoxicity

Received: 16 March 2022 Published: 27 April 2023

CLC:

Q945.78

Corresponding Authors: Tingqiang LI E-mail: 21914113@zju.edu.cn;litq@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Qili MU,Kaijun CHEN,Yuhang LI,Tingqiang LI. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on nutrient uptake and photosynthesis of lettuce. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(2): 229-240.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.03.161 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2023/V49/I2/229

氧化锌纳米颗粒对生菜养分吸收及光合作用的影响

为评价氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO NPs）对植物的毒性效应，以生菜为材料，以Zn²⁺和ZnO微米颗粒作为对比，采用水培方法，研究不同质量浓度ZnO NPs（0、5、50、250 mg/L）对生菜养分吸收及光合作用的影响。结果表明：ZnO NPs抑制生菜的生长，随着ZnO NPs质量浓度的升高，生菜生物量明显降低。在5～250 mg/L ZnO NPs处理下，生菜地上部镁、铁、锰、铜含量分别减少18.0%～33.3%、19.0%～28.6%、17.2%～28.3%、17.4%～33.8%。50、250 mg/L ZnO NPs处理显著降低了生菜的叶绿素含量及叶绿体活性。在5～250 mg/L ZnO NPs处理下，生菜净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）、蒸腾速率（T_r）分别下降33.7%～75.0%、21.3%～36.7%、11.2%～29.0%、30.7%～83.4%，最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）、实际光化学量子产量（Φ_PSⅡ）、电子传递效率等叶绿素荧光参数分别下降6.3%～18.8%、7.0%～14.0%、5.0%～20.0%、5.8%～20.7%。250 mg/L ZnO NPs对生菜光合作用的抑制远大于对应的Zn²⁺释放量及相同质量浓度的ZnO微米颗粒。这些研究结果表明，ZnO NPs可以通过影响生菜矿质养分的吸收、阻碍叶绿素的合成和降低光系统Ⅱ的活性来抑制生菜的光合作用。

关键词： 氧化锌纳米颗粒, 养分吸收, 光合作用, 植物毒性

Fig. 1 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on lettuce growthCK: 0 mg/L ZnO NPs; NP5: 5 mg/L ZnO NPs; NP50: 50 mg/L ZnO NPs; NP250: 250 mg/L ZnO NPs; BP250: 250 mg/L bulk ZnO; Zn²⁺: 5.2 mg/L Zn²⁺ (corresponding to the Zn²⁺ amount released from 250 mg/L ZnO NPs) (the same as below). Different lowercase letters above bars indicate significant differences among different treatments for the same part at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 1 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on the contents of mineral nutrients in lettuce

Fig. 2 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on chlorophyll contents (A) and Chl a/b ratio (B) in lettuceDifferent lowercase letters above bars indicate significant differences among different treatments for the same chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl a/b ratio at the 0.05 probability level.

Fig. 3 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on the number and activity of chloroplasts in lettuceA-F: Left, cross-section of leaves; Right, upper epidermis of leaves. The autofluorescence of chloroplasts and cell walls is red hot and green, respectively.

Fig. 4 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on gas exchange parameters of lettuce leavesDifferent lowercase letters above bars indicate significant differences among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level, and the same as below.

Fig. 5 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on light response curve of lettuce leaves

Table 2 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on the simulation parameters of light response curve of lettuce leaves

Fig. 6 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on Rubisco activity of lettuce leaves

Fig. 7 Effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on chlorophyll fluorescent parameters in lettuce

Table 3 Correlation analysis between mineral nutrient contents and photosynthetic parameters in lettuce


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