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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2023, Vol. 49 Issue (1): 129-140    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.12.301
Agricultural engineering     
Phenotyping analysis of rice lodging based on a nondestructive mechanical platform
Mengqi Lü1,2(),Sunghwan JUNG3,Zhihong MA1,2,Liang WAN1,2,Dawei SUN4,Haiyan CEN1,2()
1.State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
2.Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
3.Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, New York 14853, USA
4.Institute of Agricultural Equipment, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract  

Traditional rice lodging measurements are time-consuming and destructive to rice plants. This study thus developed an easy-to-implement and nondestructive mechanical platform for phenotyping analysis of rice lodging, which can monitor the lodging-resistant characteristics of rice in different growth periods. The lodging measurements were conducted at the jointing stage, booting stage and heading stage from August 15th to September 21st, 2019. The force and displacement were measured from two different directions using the lodging measuring platform with a force sensor, which were used to calculate the dynamic bending stiffness coefficient (KEI) of rice. Meanwhile, RGB images were collected from the mechanical platform, which were applied to calculate the projected area and the center of force (CoF). The results showed that the KEI values of lodging-resistant cultivars (Beidao 1 and Shennong 9816) were different from those of lodging cultivars (Yueguang and Qiuguang), which can reflect rice’s lodging resistance in the growth period. In addition, we found that the average distances between CoF and the root of lodging cultivars within the RGB images were larger than those of lodging-resistant cultivars and easily led to rice instability. This study can provide valuable information for rice lodging monitoring and precision breeding.

Key words： rice lodging      crop phenotype      mechanical platform      RGB images      dynamic bending stiffness coefficient     
Published: 25 February 2023
CLC:  S24  
Fund:  Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2019B020216001);Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2020C02002)
Corresponding Authors: Haiyan CEN     E-mail: 22013013@zju.edu.cn;hycen@zju.edu.cn
About author: Lü Mengqi (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9202-5819), E-mail: 22013013@zju.edu.cn
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Mengqi Lü
Sunghwan JUNG
Zhihong MA
Liang WAN
Dawei SUN
Haiyan CEN
Cite this article:

Mengqi Lü, Sunghwan JUNG, Zhihong MA, Liang WAN, Dawei SUN, Haiyan CEN. Phenotyping analysis of rice lodging based on a nondestructive mechanical platform. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(1): 129-140.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.12.301     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2023/V49/I1/129


基于无损力学平台的水稻倒伏表型分析(英文)

针对传统水稻倒伏测量费时费力且对水稻植株具有破坏性的问题，本研究构建了一款操作简单且无损的力学平台用于水稻倒伏表型分析，可监测水稻在不同生育期的抗倒伏特性。本试验中水稻倒伏监测时间为2019年8月15日—9月21日，包含水稻生长过程中的拔节期、孕穗期和抽穗期。通过无损力学平台中的力传感器获取水稻倒伏测量过程中的力与位移，从而计算水稻动态抗弯刚度系数（KEI），同时通过力学平台采集RGB图像用于计算水稻植株投影面积和受力中心（CoF）。结果表明：抗倒伏品种（北稻1号、神农9816）与倒伏品种（越光、秋光）的KEI存在差异，反映了水稻生育期内的抗倒伏特性。RGB图像中倒伏品种水稻的受力中心与植株底部的距离大于抗倒伏品种，易失稳。本研究为水稻倒伏监测和精准育种提供了技术支撑。


关键词： 水稻倒伏,  作物表型,  力学平台,  可见光图像,  动态抗弯刚度系数 
Fig. 1 Lodging measuring platformA. A stepper motor controller and two slide rails (the vertical slide’s range is 1 m, and its accuracy is 1 mm. The horizontal slide’s range is 0.3 m, and its accuracy is 0.1 mm); B. Relative positions of the camera, force sensor and rice plant.
Fig. 2 Two vertical positions of rice plantsA. Bottom position (the distance between force sensor and rice root was 70 mm); B. Top position (the distance between force sensor and rice root was 200 mm).
Fig. 3 Two horizontal positions of rice plantsA. Normal position (the RGB camera faced the largest angle between branches and stalk of rice plant); B. Lateral position (the rice plant had been rotated 90° clockwise on the basis of the normal position).
Fig. 4 Example of raw data obtained from the experiment
Fig. 5 Calibration curve for the relationship between the voltage of force sensor and the horizontal state force (FS ) received
Fig. 6 Center of force (CoF) when the rice plants are at two different states
Fig. 7 Average values of dynamic bending stiffness coefficient (KEI) of different rice cultivars at different datesA. The force was applied at the bottom when the rice plant was in normal position; B. The force was applied at the bottom when the rice plant was in lateral position; C. The force was applied at the top when the rice plant was in normal position; D. The force was applied at the top when the rice plant was in lateral position.
Fig. 8 Projected area and center of force (CoF) when the rice is under stress at the initial booting stage (August 22nd, 2019) after 22 d of transplantingThe red box represents the smallest circumscribed rectangle of rice sample. The white line represents the CoF of rice sample after being stressed. The force sensor was placed at the bottom, and it pushed rice stalk up to 30 mm in the forward direction.
Rice cultivar

Sample

No.

Distance between

CoF and rice root/

mm

Projected area/m2

Lodging-resistant

cultivar

BD-18790.017
BD-27900.023
BD-37370.021
SN-17940.024
SN-27780.019
SN-37670.021
Lodging cultivarYG-18390.024
YG-27710.020
YG-38090.021
QG-17790.028
QG-28710.031
QG-38140.030
Table 1 Distance between center of force (CoF) and rice root and projected area at the initial booting stage (August 22nd, 2019)
Fig. 9 Comparison of mechanical parameters between lodging-resistant and lodging rice cultivars at the initial booting stage (August 22nd, 2019)
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