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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2021, Vol. 47 Issue (6): 777-786    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.081
Resource utilization & environmental protection     
Spatial distribution characteristics and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in wine-making vineyard in Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province
Bo YANG1(),Bo ZHANG1(),Peijie YAN2,Yingjie WANG1,Juandi WU1,Yu ZHANG1,Shunyu HAN1
1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology/Research and Development Center of Wine Industry in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
2.College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Abstract  

In order to study the spatial distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metal contents in the soil of main wine-making vineyards in Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province, and to evaluate the levels of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk, we combined geographic information system-based spatial analysis with multivariate statistical analysis to determine the contents of eight heavy metal elements in the soil, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). The results showed that there were obvious heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the above elements, and the Cr had a slight accumulation behavior. According to the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of metal elements, it was found that the content of each element (except Cd) presented a certain spatial distribution law. The high content areas were mainly located in the Jiayuguan Industrial Zone and the northeast of Jiuquan Iron and Steel Group, as well as near Xiazhuang, Henggou and Renjia villages in the southwest. Through pollution source analysis, we thought preliminarily that the sources of Cu, As, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Hg elements may be affected by the soil parent material factors, and Cr was related to the effects of industrial sources and agricultural activity sources dominated by the iron and steel industry. By further analysis of the individual coefficient of potential ecological risk and the comprehensive index of potential ecological risk, it was found that the eight heavy metal elements all arose slight ecological risks in the research area, Cd and Hg of which were the main ecological risk factors for the local wine-making vineyard. Therefore, in the future cultivation process, we should trace the source, strengthen the prevention, control and treatment of excessive heavy metal pollution, and cultivate rationally to improve the soil environmental quality of the local wine-making vineyard, thereby ensuring the safety and quality of viniferous grapes and wine.

Key words： Jiayuguan City      soil      heavy metal      spatial distribution characteristics      pollution evaluation     
Received: 08 February 2021      Published: 25 December 2021
CLC:  X 53  
Corresponding Authors: Bo ZHANG     E-mail: 1579091984@qq.com;zhangbo@gsau.edu.cn
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Bo YANG
Bo ZHANG
Peijie YAN
Yingjie WANG
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Yu ZHANG
Shunyu HAN
Cite this article:

Bo YANG,Bo ZHANG,Peijie YAN,Yingjie WANG,Juandi WU,Yu ZHANG,Shunyu HAN. Spatial distribution characteristics and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in wine-making vineyard in Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(6): 777-786.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.081     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2021/V47/I6/777


甘肃省嘉峪关市酿酒葡萄园土壤重金属空间分布特征及风险评价

为研究甘肃省嘉峪关市主要酿酒葡萄园土壤重金属的含量空间分布特征及其来源，并评价重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险水平，本研究联合地理信息系统空间分析和多元统计分析，对供试土壤中铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）、砷（As）、镉（Cd）和汞（Hg）等8种重金属元素含量进行测定。结果表明，上述元素在空间分布上均存在明显异质性，且Cr在研究区内已有轻度积累的迹象。对重金属空间分布特征分析发现，各元素（除Cd外）含量呈现一定的空间分布规律，其高值区主要位于嘉峪关工业区及酒泉钢铁集团的东北部，以及研究区西南部的下庄、横沟和任家村附近。对污染源解析初步认为，Cu、As、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg等元素来源可能受土壤母质因素的影响，Cr与钢铁工业为主的工业源和农业活动源的复合影响有关。进一步对潜在生态风险单项系数和潜在生态风险综合指数等级标准分析发现，研究区域内土壤中8种重金属元素均表现出轻微生态风险，且Cd和Hg是当地酿酒葡萄园主要的生态风险因子。因此，在酿酒葡萄栽培过程中，应追根溯源，加强超标重金属的污染防控和治理，并合理耕作，以提高当地酿酒葡萄园土壤环境质量，进而保障酿酒葡萄和葡萄酒的安全与品质。


关键词： 嘉峪关市,  土壤,  重金属,  空间分布特征,  污染评价 
Fig. 1 Distribution map of sampling points in wine-making vineyards of Jiayuguan City

化学指标

Chemical index

最小值

Minimum value

最大值

Maximum value

平均值

Mean

标准差

Standard deviation

变异系数

Coefficient of variation/%

pH7.337.817.560.162.17

w（有机质）

Organic matter content/(g/kg)

8.0610.949.380.909.64
Table 1 Statistical results of basic chemical indexes in the wine-making vineyard soil

元素

Element

最小值

Minimum value/

(mg/kg)

最大值

Maximum value/

(mg/kg)

平均值

Mean/

(mg/kg)

标准差

Standard deviation/

(mg/kg)

变异系数

Coefficient of

variation/%

背景值1）

Background

value1)/(mg/kg)

国家标准2）

National

standard2)/(mg/kg)

Cu16.8229.2521.813.5016.0324.10100.00
Zn43.2665.5952.656.1711.7268.50300.00
Cr75.58123.2098.7111.8512.0170.20250.00
Cd0.0620.1020.0800.01013.390.120.60
Ni23.9537.3229.144.1314.1735.20190.00
Pb14.0019.2415.951.519.5018.80170.00
As6.0510.818.331.5218.2112.6025.00
Hg0.005 20.010 00.007 00.001 014.290.023.40
Table 2 Statistical results of heavy metal contents of the wine-making vineyard soil
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of heavy metal contents of the wine-making vineyard soil

指标

Index

NiPbAsCuZnHgCrCdpH

有机质

Organic matter

Ni1.000.87**0.90**0.92**0.79**0.82**0.65**0.40*－0.53**0.16
Pb1.000.79**0.90**0.76**0.80**0.62**0.33－0.37*0.19
As1.000.94**0.84**0.75**0.46**0.29－0.60**0.26
Cu1.000.87**0.78**0.50**0.26－0.46**0.16
Zn1.000.72**0.320.51**－0.36*0.16
Hg1.000.38*0.28－0.57**0.42*
Cr1.000.14－0.250.05
Cd1.00－0.140.09
pH1.00－0.79**
有机质 Organic matter1.00
Table 3 Correlation analysis of heavy metals and chemical indexes in the wine-making vineyard soil

主成分

Principal

component (PC)

CuAsHgZnNiPbCrCd

方差贡献率

Variance

contribution rate/%

累计贡献率

Cumulative

contribution rate/%

PC10.940.910.860.860.830.810.260.1870.3670.36
PC20.270.220.160.000.450.450.960.0012.0882.44
PC30.000.110.100.390.220.150.000.989.1291.56
Table 4 Results of principal component analysis of heavy metals in the wine-making vineyard soil
Fig. 3 Factor loading diagram (A) and cluster analysis diagram (B) of different soil heavy metal elements
Fig. 4 Geo-accumulation index (A) and potential ecological risk coefficient (B) of soil heavy metals
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