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Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2021, Vol. 47 Issue (2): 223-232    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.091
Resource utilization & environmental protection     
Effects of combined application of nitrification inhibitors and biochars on nitrogen transformation and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy soil
Yuying LIU1(),Yan ZHANG1,Zheyuan WANG1,Tingqiang LI1,2()
1.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou 310058, China
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Abstract  

The effects of combined application of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and corn-stalk biochar on nitrogen transformation and nitrogen use efficiency in acid and neutral paddy soils were investigated by pot experiments. Four treatments were set up as follows: control (CK), DMPP, DMPP+300 ℃ biochar (DMPP+300BC), DMPP+500 ℃ biochar (DMPP+500BC). The results showed that compared with the DMPP treatment, DMPP combined with 500 ℃ biochar significantly increased rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the neutral paddy soil by 8.5% and 10.6% (P<0.05), respectively, but had no significant effect in the acid paddy soil. DMPP combined with biochar could effectively prolong the duration of nitrification inhibition. After 42 d of rice culture, the ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) content in the two paddy soils was higher than that of the DMPP treatment. DMPP combined with biochar could effectively inhibit the transformation of NH4-N to nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and the effect in the neutral paddy soil was better than that in the acid paddy soil, and the effect of 500 ℃ biochar was better than that of 300 ℃ biochar. After 21 d of rice culture, DMPP combined with 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ biochars reduced the denitrification activities of acid paddy soil by 45.4% and 80.9%, respectively, which were better than those of neutral paddy soil. Within 21 d of rice culture, DMPP combined with biochar had no significant effect on the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the two paddy soils, but increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the acid paddy soil, while decreased the abundance of AOB in the neutral paddy soil, as compared with the DMPP treatment. In conclusion, DMPP combined with 500 ℃ biochar can inhibit nitrification by prolonging the duration of nitrification inhibition and reducing the abundance of AOB in the neutral paddy soil, thus improve rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.



Key wordspaddy soil      3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate      nitrogen transformation      ammonia oxidizing micro-organisms      nitrogen use efficiency     
Received: 09 February 2021      Published: 25 April 2021
CLC:  S 143.16  
Corresponding Authors: Tingqiang LI     E-mail: 1264383043@qq.com;litq@zju.edu.cn
Cite this article:

Yuying LIU,Yan ZHANG,Zheyuan WANG,Tingqiang LI. Effects of combined application of nitrification inhibitors and biochars on nitrogen transformation and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy soil. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(2): 223-232.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.02.091     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2021/V47/I2/223


硝化抑制剂与生物炭配施对水稻土氮素转化及氮肥利用率的影响

以酸性和中性水稻土为供试土壤,通过盆栽试验研究3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP)与玉米秸秆生物炭配施对水稻土氮素转化及氮肥利用率的影响。试验设置4个处理:对照(CK)、DMPP、DMPP+300 ℃生物炭(DMPP+300BC)、DMPP+500 ℃生物炭(DMPP+500BC)。结果表明:与单施DMPP处理相比,DMPP配施500 ℃生物炭使中性水稻土中水稻籽粒产量和氮肥利用率分别提高8.5%和10.6%(P<0.05),但对酸性水稻土作用效果不显著。DMPP配施生物炭能够有效延长硝化抑制时长,在水稻培养42 d后,土壤铵态氮(NH4-N)含量高于单施DMPP处理;DMPP配施生物炭能够有效抑制NH4-N向硝态氮(NO3-N)转化,且对中性水稻土的效果优于酸性水稻土,500 ℃生物炭的效果优于300 ℃生物炭。水稻培养21 d后,与单施DMPP处理相比,DMPP配施300 ℃和500 ℃生物炭使酸性水稻土反硝化活性分别降低了45.4%和80.9%(P<0.05),并显著高于中性水稻土。水稻培养21 d内,与单施DMPP相比,DMPP配施生物炭对2种水稻土氨氧化古菌(ammonia oxidizing archaea, AOA)丰度没有显著影响,但提高了酸性水稻土中氨氧化细菌(ammonia oxidizing bacteria, AOB)的丰度,而中性水稻土中AOB的丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,DMPP配施500 ℃生物炭能够通过延长硝化抑制时长和降低中性水稻土中AOB的丰度来抑制硝化作用,提高水稻籽粒产量和氮肥利用率。


关键词: 水稻土,  3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐,  氮素转化,  氨氧化微生物,  氮肥利用率 

土壤

Soil

pH

有机质

Organic

matter/(g/kg)

全氮

Total

nitrogen/(g/kg)

碱解氮

Alkaline

nitrogen/(mg/kg)

有效磷

Available

phosphorus/(mg/kg)

速效钾

Available

potassium/(mg/kg)

酸性水稻土 Acid paddy soil4.8613.61.0671.820.483.9
中性水稻土 Neutral paddy soil7.4518.41.3879.428.696.6
Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of the soils

生物炭

Biochar

pH

比表面积

Specific surface area/(m2/g)

w(灰分)

Ash content/%

H/CO/Cw(元素) Elemental content/%
CHON
300BC9.366.2416.230.810.4648.823.3129.781.86
500BC10.4216.3519.650.500.2756.152.3620.221.62
Table 2 Basic physical and chemical properties of different biochars

微生物

Microbe

引物名称

Primer name

引物序列(5′→3′)

Primer sequence (5′→3′)

目标片段长度

Target fragment length/bp

文献

Reference

AOAArch-amoAFSTAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG635[16]
Arch-amoARGCGGCCATCCATCTGGTATGT
AOBamoA-1FGGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT491[17]
amoA-2RCCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC
Table 3 Primer sequences for PCR amplification

土壤

Soil

处理

Treatment

生物量/(g/盆)

Biomass/(g/pot)

w(氮) Nitrogen content/%

氮肥利用率

Nitrogen use efficiency/%

秸秆 Straw籽粒 Grain秸秆 Straw籽粒 Grain

酸性水稻土

Acid paddy soil

CK87.12b94.42b1.15a3.20a35.16b
DMPP90.51a103.74a1.30a3.43a40.24a
DMPP+300BC92.42a103.07a1.32a3.44a40.79a
DMPP+500BC93.38a106.10a1.37a3.47a42.31a

中性水稻土

Neutral paddy soil

CK74.17b80.36c1.14a3.08b34.51c
DMPP78.65ab89.47b1.16a3.11b39.14b
DMPP+300BC82.61a96.02a1.18a3.25ab40.16b
DMPP+500BC80.80a97.11a1.20a3.42a43.27a
Table 4 Effects of combined application of DMPP and biochar on rice biomass and nitrogen use efficiency
Fig. 1 Effects of combined application of DMPP and biochar on NH4-N and NO3-N contents in paddy soils

生长时期

Growth period/d

酸性水稻土 Acid paddy soil中性水稻土 Neutral paddy soil
DMPPDMPP+300BCDMPP+500BCDMPPDMPP+300BCDMPP+500BC
737.21a33.45a34.76a39.31a41.50a42.65a
2142.73c46.27b50.43a47.90c52.29b58.52a
4226.88b31.84a36.38a29.50c37.89b41.65a
902.18a4.62a4.32a8.55a9.23a9.83a
Table 5 Effects of combined application of DMPP and biochar on nitrification inhibition rate of paddy soils
Fig. 2 Effects of combined application of DMPP and biochar on denitrification activity of paddy soilsDifferent lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among different treatments at the same culture time at the 0.05 probability level.
Fig. 3 Effects of combined application of DMPP and biochar on AOA and AOB abundance in paddy soilsDifferent lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among different treatments at the same culture time at the 0.05 probability level.
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