基于黑木耳菌渣的生菜栽培基质研究

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.10.231

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (4): 492-506 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.10.231

园艺学

基于黑木耳菌渣的生菜栽培基质研究

柳霖¹(

),高峰²,韩宁¹,郑太极¹,王天龙¹,周佩华¹,贺殊敏¹,王佳佳¹,傅民杰¹(

)

^1.延边大学农学院，吉林延吉 133000
^2.吉林省松原市气象局，吉林松原 138005

Study onlettuce cultivation substrate based on fungus residue of Auricularia auricula

Lin LIU¹(

),Feng GAO²,Ning HAN¹,Taiji ZHENG¹,Tianlong WANG¹,Peihua ZHOU¹,Shumin HE¹,Jiajia WANG¹,Minjie FU¹(

)

^1.School of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, Jilin, China
^2.Songyuan Meteorological Bureau, Songyuan 138005, Jilin, China

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摘要：

通过采用黑木耳菌渣、蛭石、珍珠岩、有机肥等材料，比较和探究按照不同体积比配制的栽培基质对生菜生长发育及品质的影响。结果表明，添加菌渣的基质的持水能力比对照提高2倍多，基质保水能力显著提升。菌渣搭配蛭石、珍珠岩和有机肥的基质中有效磷、全钾、全氮含量高，保水性好，有利于生菜的生长。部分基质处理的生菜在株高、单株叶片数、单株叶面积、产量等生产指标和抗坏血酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质等含量上高于土壤栽培的生菜。依据生菜生物学和品质综合判定，适于生菜生产的基质配方为V（菌渣）∶V（有机肥）∶V（蛭石）=4∶2∶2（T₁₃）、V（菌渣）∶V（有机肥）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）=4∶2∶1.5∶0.5（T₁₄）以及V（菌渣）∶V（有机肥）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）=5∶2∶1.5∶0.5（T₁₇）。生菜硝酸盐含量与有机肥占比呈正相关，与菌渣占比呈负相关。由此可知，通过合理、科学配比，以黑木耳菌渣为主的栽培基质可代替传统生菜栽培基质，提高生菜的品质及产量。

关键词： 黑木耳菌渣; 栽培基质; 生菜; 生长; 品质

Abstract:

The effects of different volumes and proportions of lettuce cultivation substrates prepared by materials such as fungus residue of Auricularia auricula, vermiculite, perlite and organic fertilizer on the growth and quality of lettuce were compared and explored. The results showed that the water holding capacity of the substrate within fungus residue was more than two times of the control and was significantly improved. The mixture of vermiculite, perlite, organic fertilizer and fungus residue had high contents of available phosphorus, total potassium, total nitrogen and good water retention, which were beneficial to the growth of lettuce. The production indexes such as plant height, number of blades per plant, leaf area per plant, yield and the contents of ascorbic acid, soluble sugar and soluble protein of lettuce treated with some substrates were higher than those cultivated in soil. According to the comprehensive judgment of biological quality, the suitable formulas were V (fungus residue)∶V (organic fertilizer)∶V (vermiculite)=4∶2∶2 (T₁₃), V (fungus residue)∶V (organic fertilizer)∶ V (vermiculite)∶ V (perlite)=4∶2∶1.5∶0.5 (T₁₄), and V (fungus residue)∶V (organic fertilizer)∶V (vermiculite)∶ V (perlite)=5∶2∶1.5∶0.5 (T₁₇). The nitrate content of lettuce was positively correlated with the proportion of organic fertilizer, but negatively correlated with the proportion of fungus residue. With a reasonable and scientific ratio, the cultivation substrate based on fungus residue can replace the traditional cultivation substrate of lettuce, and improve the quality and yield of lettuce.

Key words: fungus residue of Auricularia auricula cultivation substrate lettuce growth quality

收稿日期: 2020-10-23 出版日期: 2021-09-02

CLC:

S 636.2

基金资助: 吉林省重点科技研发项目(20180201076SF);国家自然科学基金(31560202)

通讯作者: 傅民杰 E-mail: 1614650086@qq.com;fuminjie@163.com

作者简介: 柳霖（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-3682），E-mail：1614650086@qq.com

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引用本文:

柳霖,高峰,韩宁,郑太极,王天龙,周佩华,贺殊敏,王佳佳,傅民杰. 基于黑木耳菌渣的生菜栽培基质研究[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(4): 492-506.

Lin LIU,Feng GAO,Ning HAN,Taiji ZHENG,Tianlong WANG,Peihua ZHOU,Shumin HE,Jiajia WANG,Minjie FU. Study onlettuce cultivation substrate based on fungus residue of Auricularia auricula. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(4): 492-506.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.10.231 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I4/492

表1 供试材料基本理化性质

表2 生菜栽培的基质配方

处理 Treatment	密度 Density/ (g/cm3)	最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity/%	电导率 EC/ (μS/cm)	pH	全磷 Total P/ (g/kg)	全钾 Total K/ (g/kg)	全氮 Total N/ (g/kg)	有效磷 Available P/ (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K/ (mg/kg)	硝态氮 $N O 3 －$ -N/ (mg/kg)	铵态氮 $N H 4 ＋$ -N/ (mg/kg)
T₁	0.53±0.00b	117.36±2.79a	318.33±2.03d	7.77±0.02a	5.93±0.18b	1.63±0.07a	4.80±0.02a	404.53±18.81a	714.77±11.71c	58.81±0.77de	81.62±0.54a
T₄	0.49±0.02b	123.14±5.62a	307.33±4.84de	7.75±0.01ab	6.07±1.17b	1.38±0.17a	4.19±0.14ab	344.76±31.24a	586.29±18.07d	155.26±0.84a	68.04±1.18ab
T₇	0.49±0.00b	116.47±2.00a	297.33±3.93e	7.71±0.02bc	3.01±0.29c	0.93±0.04b	3.32±0.15c	385.29±26.42a	580.22±13.37d	122.32±9.59b	73.08±5.53ab
T₁₀	0.54±0.00b	111.30±5.09a	335.67±3.84c	7.75±0.01ab	5.46±0.43b	1.01±0.02b	3.29±0.02c	437.70±18.49a	651.52±25.25cd	68.74±0.55d	61.90±0.81ab
T₁₃	0.54±0.02b	119.68±5.95a	515.00±10.44a	7.56±0.01d	8.36±1.47a	0.96±0.12b	3.53±0.29bc	416.43±37.50a	872.27±36.18ab	81.57±1.17c	83.72±4.98a
T₁₆	0.52±0.02b	115.49±6.29a	414.33±7.45b	7.68±0.02c	2.99±0.01c	1.07±0.09b	2.87±0.17cd	386.05±36.73a	798.16±24.38b	49.87±0.48e	79.01±7.21a
CK	0.93±0.02a	57.88±1.26b	160.27±2.22f	7.76±0.01a	2.28±0.28c	1.01±0.05b	2.39±0.50d	203.77±22.49b	898.53±26.24a	21.50±1.09f	67.44±0.71b
T₂	0.49±0.01bc	132.32±3.24a	299.33±10.17e	7.77±0.01a	3.89±0.95bc	1.63±0.04a	3.63±0.36a	321.53±16.43bcd	637.44±24.29d	48.94±3.22d	63.29±0.68ab
T₅	0.45±0.01c	134.71±2.81a	352.33±3.84d	7.73±0.00c	6.85±0.16b	1.40±0.02b	4.11±0.40a	342.80±21.39abcd	621.34±8.91d	105.92±10.15b	89.15±16.11a
T₈	0.47±0.00bc	124.33±4.24a	313.67±4.06e	7.74±0.00bc	2.39±0.21c	1.02±0.02c	4.36±0.52a	255.54±127.77cd	532.92±10.80d	96.85±1.95b	58.42±0.59ab
T₁₁	0.49±0.00bc	119.89±6.68a	716.67±8.19b	7.42±0.01f	4.21±0.76bc	1.06±0.05c	3.95±0.13a	517.70±37.08a	1 082.38±40.52ab	108.34±4.14b	56.82±1.71ab
T₁₄	0.47±0.01bc	119.27±3.59a	443.33±9.26c	7.56±0.01d	10.28±2.56a	1.11±0.09c	4.21±0.49a	447.68±35.43ab	919.06±35.53bc	70.38±3.04c	66.33±3.63ab
T₁₇	0.50±0.01b	122.87±10.32a	811.67±16.68a	7.48±0.00e	3.54±0.26bc	1.28±0.07b	3.71±0.23a	384.36±43.49abc	1 122.20±130.51a	158.20±3.54a	74.25±7.11ab
CK	0.93±0.03a	57.88±1.26b	160.27±2.22f	7.76±0.01ab	2.28±0.28c	1.01±0.05c	2.39±0.50b	203.77±22.49d	898.53±26.24c	21.50±1.09e	67.44±0.71b
T₃	0.40±0.01c	151.21±11.44a	315.67±6.12d	7.79±0.02a	5.43±0.34a	1.36±0.14a	4.05±0.35a	357.57±47.22a	2 425.74± 1 792.34a	84.76±1.42c	65.69±0.42a
T₆	0.43±0.00bc	135.72±2.35ab	386.33±4.48c	7.64±0.02c	3.04±0.63bc	0.98±0.02b	3.41±0.20ab	346.30±27.75a	704.64±26.21a	119.84±7.03a	76.25±5.45a
T₉	0.43±0.01bc	132.42±1.16b	334.00±9.87d	7.73±0.01b	2.23±0.12c	1.09±0.03ab	2.94±0.08bc	422.24±62.35a	560.94±8.95a	65.65±3.85d	73.74±9.19a
T₁₂	0.47±0.01b	122.48±7.68b	615.33±16.59b	7.55±0.02d	3.15±0.37bc	1.08±0.04ab	3.42±0.00ab	474.65±35.54a	1 004.17±53.72a	95.99±0.36b	64.18±0.31a
T₁₅	0.44±0.01bc	131.39±2.96b	742.33±37.02a	7.50±0.03e	4.37±1.40ab	0.99±0.15b	2.82±0.03bc	423.73±21.38a	1 092.82±21.64a	125.48±1.97a	68.51±1.47a
T₁₈	0.47±0.01b	126.75±1.67b	595.00±15.50b	7.59±0.01cd	2.09±0.13c	1.10±0.13ab	3.43±0.30ab	366.21±10.86a	880.35±39.35a	116.95±0.36a	77.31±0.91a
CK	0.93±0.03a	57.88±1.26c	160.27±2.22e	7.76±0.01ab	2.28±0.28c	1.01±0.05b	2.39±0.50c	203.77±22.49b	898.53±26.24a	21.50±1.09e	67.44±0.71a

表3 不同处理基质的基本理化性质比较

图1 各处理基质的持水能力各处理符号所代表的含义详见表2。

处理 Treatment	电导率 EC/(μS/cm)	pH	有效磷 Available P/(mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K/(mg/kg)	硝态氮 $N O 3 －$ -N/(mg/kg)	铵态氮 $N H 4 ＋$ -N/(mg/kg)
T₁	140.73±0.62c	7.46±0.05e	185.27±5.85a	556.81±70.93c	41.71±1.01cd	35.16±1.45b
T₄	223.27±29.44b	7.51±0.02de	210.22±4.37a	815.05±89.79ab	39.96±3.32cd	31.25±2.15bc
T₇	274.77±5.20a	7.58±0.01d	194.94±5.96a	760.46±15.73ab	48.17±1.65b	28.30±0.06c
T₁₀	156.67±1.91c	7.66±0.00c	209.56±10.82a	522.83±40.13c	45.12±0.82bc	31.02±0.55bc
T₁₃	162.03±1.13c	7.66±0.01c	206.10±23.02a	622.11±97.66bc	66.03±1.95a	43.16±2.77a
T₁₆	158.43±0.52c	7.75±0.01b	205.11±7.04a	634.10±24.90bc	39.37±1.24d	28.72±0.52c
CK	103.27±2.75d	7.88±0.03a	115.11±6.68b	852.19±23.05a	6.30±0.17e	13.65±0.66d
T₂	140.80±1.00e	7.57±0.01e	200.81±8.21a	542.07±9.93b	32.13±3.35c	33.55±1.62b
T₅	178.00±2.14a	7.53±0.01f	190.71±5.72a	464.49±22.13b	43.25±0.68bc	29.27±0.10b
T₈	159.27±1.02c	7.63±0.01cd	212.66±12.41a	514.81±53.39b	42.36±0.96c	31.10±0.42b
T₁₁	146.50±1.10d	7.61±0.01d	214.27±31.04a	569.59±93.49b	41.75±0.46c	42.46±2.74a
T₁₄	170.97±1.23b	7.66±0.01c	235.27±22.28a	903.24±55.70a	57.36±2.35b	46.12±1.72a
T₁₇	161.50±0.67c	7.75±0.00b	206.02±3.31a	548.57±6.54b	73.24±11.72a	22.72±0.03c
CK	103.27±2.75f	7.88±0.03a	115.11±6.68b	852.19±23.05a	6.30±0.17d	13.65±0.66d
T₃	181.50±17.97b	7.52±0.01d	202.24±10.11abc	521.16±25.09c	40.37±0.19c	27.57±0.10d
T₆	219.83±22.56a	7.54±0.02d	180.02±6.31c	637.61±12.21bc	51.79±0.57b	34.48±0.84c
T₉	151.37±1.30b	7.73±0.03b	185.20±7.16bc	487.25±30.70c	53.37±0.19b	40.06±1.06b
T₁₂	157.83±2.03b	7.65±0.02c	221.56±13.26a	620.57±77.17bc	41.04±2.77c	48.88±0.26a
T₁₅	160.57±1.53b	7.72±0.00b	221.91±12.13a	545.56±74.96c	70.02±0.26a	40.42±1.50b
T₁₈	172.93±2.53b	7.76±0.01b	211.69±1.82abc	746.60±23.85ab	52.76±4.67b	18.99±0.20e
CK	103.27±2.75c	7.88±0.03a	115.11±6.68d	852.19±23.05a	6.30±0.17d	13.65±0.66f

表4 不同处理收获后基质的基本理化性质

处理 Treatment	SPAD			单株叶面积 Leaf area per plant/dm²		单株叶片数 Number of blades per plant				株高 Plant height/cm
处理 Treatment	07-28	08-04	08-11	08-05	08-13	07-21	07-28	08-04	08-11	07-21	07-28	08-04	08-11
T₁	16.70±1.01a	16.90±1.01a	16.40±0.26a	1.78± 0.09b	9.19± 1.51ab	4.08±0.08a	5.25±0.25b	6.67±0.45a	7.83±0.78c	2.29±0.28c	6.88±0.58bc	13.23±0.99d	14.58±0.83e
T₄	15.27±0.56a	13.20±0.72a	13.07±0.05e	2.92± 0.12b	11.47± 2.15a	4.33±0.14a	5.17±0.11b	6.25±0.37ab	9.25±0.77bc	3.26±0.29ab	8.38±0.50ab	19.87±0.50a	23.61±1.03cd
T₇	16.37±1.12a	16.70±1.07a	15.35±0.24c	2.80± 0.72b	11.19± 0.06a	4.17±0.17a	4.67±0.19b	6.50±0.26a	10.58±0.86b	2.38±0.31bc	5.83±0.78a	15.39±1.12cd	32.26±2.24a
T₁₀	16.80±0.40a	15.77±1.78a	15.34±0.20c	4.93± 0.30a	8.55± 0.57ab	4.00±0.00a	7.28±0.47a	5.92±0.19ab	11.67±0.86b	2.64±0.32bc	7.28±0.47bc	18.01±0.64ab	28.60±1.52ab
T₁₃	16.83±0.75a	16.20±0.97a	15.95±0.05ab	2.09± 0.92b	10.38± 0.96ab	4.25±0.28a	5.08±0.19b	6.00±0.43ab	15.75±0.89a	3.57±0.33a	9.07±0.67a	18.69±1.24a	29.17±0.87ab
T₁₆	16.93±1.21a	16.03±0.43a	15.73±0.06bc	1.96± 0.03b	4.94± 2.03b	4.17±0.11a	4.92±0.15b	5.42±0.26b	10.25±0.64b	2.81±0.23abc	7.19±0.45bc	16.04±0.51bc	26.84±0.76bc
CK	17.97±0.64a	14.73±2.09a	13.57±0.10d	2.20± 0.17b	7.83± 0.73b	4.08±0.08a	4.83±0.11b	6.17±0.32ab	11.33±0.68b	2.78±0.24abc	6.83±0.58bc	14.82±0.43cd	20.79±0.84d
T₂	17.07±1.12a	15.20±0.21a	14.78±0.11a	1.10± 0.04a	6.43± 0.11a	3.83±0.11c	4.25±0.18c	6.08±0.31ab	6.83±0.46c	1.62±0.16d	5.62±0.37d	10.43±0.52e	12.62±0.46c
T₅	15.23±1.57a	14.87±1.46a	13.32±0.23b	1.80± 0.27a	7.22± 0.83a	4.25±0.13bc	4.50±0.26bc	5.92±0.29ab	10.42±0.42ab	2.59±0.26c	6.65±0.56cd	15.85±0.62c	27.71±1.11a
T₈	15.63±0.84a	15.33±1.58a	14.67±0.14a	1.98± 0.25a	10.00± 0.91a	4.33±0.22b	4.67±0.28abc	6.58±0.36a	12.25±0.84a	2.45±0.20c	7.08±0.51cd	17.80±0.61b	29.58±1.25a
T₁₁	17.30±0.69a	13.13±0.45a	12.70±0.13c	0.87± 0.04a	8.01± 3.14a	5.17±0.21a	5.17±0.21a	5.33±0.31b	9.00±0.49b	3.31±0.29ab	7.71±0.51bc	12.67±0.75de	20.49±0.55b
T₁₄	16.33±0.54a	13.00±0.68a	12.12±0.13d	1.19± 0.50a	14.10± 6.36a	4.83±0.17a	5.08±0.15ab	6.25±0.37ab	12.33±0.85a	3.94±0.23a	10.28±0.57a	20.76±0.56a	30.38±1.25a
T₁₇	17.07±0.37a	13.00±1.17a	11.87±0.08d	1.77± 0.14a	11.45± 3.52a	4.33±0.14b	5.00±0.12ab	6.17±0.34ab	10.75±0.48ab	3.88±0.19a	8.79±0.22b	21.08±0.87a	29.90±0.93a
CK	17.97±0.64a	14.73±2.09a	13.57±0.10b	2.20± 0.17a	7.83± 0.73a	4.08±0.08bc	4.83±0.11abc	6.17±0.32ab	11.33±0.68a	2.78±0.24bc	6.83±0.58cd	14.82±0.43c	20.79±0.84b
T₃	17.60±0.64a	16.80±1.01a	15.50±0.06b	2.75± 0.16bc	7.12± 0.01b	3.58±0.29b	4.83±0.21a	6.25±0.43a	9.00±0.56c	1.83±0.21c	5.57±0.45b	16.26±0.59bc	23.66±1.08bc
T₆	17.93±0.93a	14.93±1.97a	13.72±0.10d	5.91± 0.29a	9.37± 1.52b	4.58±0.26a	4.92±0.36a	6.50±0.38a	13.67±1.06a	3.99±0.53a	7.32±0.71a	17.93±0.74a	28.48±1.11a
T₉	15.73±0.84ab	14.83±1.83a	13.61±0.17d	3.75± 0.46b	5.37± 0.19b	4.33±0.19a	4.92±0.29a	6.00±0.30a	11.58±0.66ab	2.53±0.26bc	6.74±0.41ab	16.36±0.39abc	25.78±1.19ab
T₁₂	14.17±1.55b	14.17±1.19a	13.15±0.03e	0.69± 0.04e	10.54± 3.90b	4.08±0.08ab	5.00±0.28a	5.92±0.29a	9.83±0.44bc	3.01±0.16b	7.06±0.31ab	14.10±0.28d	22.89±0.69cd
T₁₅	16.33±1.47ab	15.47±1.25a	14.53±0.16c	2.09± 0.02cd	8.53± 0.50b	4.25±0.13a	5.17±0.11a	6.08±0.42a	9.92±0.50bc	3.07±0.31b	7.33±0.48a	17.08±0.36ab	26.36±0.82ab
T₁₈	16.93±0.24ab	17.93±0.77a	16.70±0.20a	3.31± 0.11b	22.65± 5.57a	4.17±0.11a	4.75±0.18a	5.67±0.43a	11.92±0.84ab	2.79±0.27b	6.74±0.45ab	15.39±0.76cd	27.74±0.78a
CK	17.97±0.64a	14.73±2.09a	13.57±0.10d	2.20± 0.17de	7.83± 0.73b	4.08±0.08ab	4.83±0.11a	6.17±0.32a	11.33±0.68b	2.78±0.24b	6.83±0.58ab	14.82±0.43cd	20.79±0.84d

表5 2019年不同处理下不同时期的生菜生长指标

表6 不同处理下生菜的可溶性蛋白质、抗坏血酸、可溶性糖及硝酸盐含量

图2 各处理下生菜中的硝酸盐含量与基质有机肥占比的相关性各处理符号所代表的含义详见表2。

图3 各处理下生菜中的硝酸盐含量与基质菌渣占比的相关性各处理符号所代表的含义详见表2。

处理

Treatment

2019-08-05

2019-08-13

2019-08-24

产量

Yield/(kg/m2)

鲜质量

Fresh mass/g

根冠比

Ratio of

root to

shoot

鲜质量

Fresh mass/g

根冠比

Ratio of

root to

shoot

鲜质量

Fresh mass/g

根冠比

Ratio of

root to

shoot

地下部

Below

ground

地上部

Above

ground

地下部

Below

ground

地上部

Above

ground

地下部

Below

ground

地上部

Above

ground

T₁

0.50±

0.00ab

17.29±

0.93ab

0.06±0.00a

3.71±

1.38a

82.07±

33.46a

0.11±0.01a

3.88±

0.75a

74.84±

6.82bc

0.10±0.01bc

43.33±1.20e

T₄

0.53±

0.01ab

16.78±

0.21ab

0.05±0.01a

2.64±

1.09a

92.94±

36.90a

0.06±0.01c

7.86±

1.17b

130.82±

21.26a

0.19±0.04ab

65.33±1.20c

T₇

0.57±

0.08ab

19.01±

4.97ab

0.05±0.01a

2.61±

1.05a

76.11±

22.77a

0.06±0.01c

4.90±

1.09b

121.11±

7.86a

0.06±0.02c

95.33±0.88b

T₁₀

0.70±

0.09a

23.06±

5.72a

0.05±0.00a

3.15±

0.03a

81.10±

0.58a

0.08±0.00bc

3.27±

0.38b

107.67±

19.13ab

0.06±0.01c

96.67±0.88b

T₁₃

0.68±

0.17a

24.45±

8.65a

0.06±0.02a

1.27±

0.07a

41.36±

0.11a

0.03±0.00d

5.48±

0.96b

124.00±

9.86a

0.09±0.02c

130.00±1.53a

T₁₆

0.53±

0.03ab

12.18±

0.10ab

0.07±0.00a

2.56±

0.46a

57.89±

14.39a

0.10±0.00ab

5.13±

0.94ab

118.97±

12.07a

0.07±0.01c

96.33±0.88b

0.34±

0.06b

7.91±

1.68b

0.08±0.01a

1.81±

0.06a

35.38±

2.58a

0.10±0.01ab

3.13±

0.60ab

43.08±

4.44c

0.22±0.06a

48.33±0.33d

T₂

0.48±

0.11a

13.58±

0.68ab

0.06±0.02a

2.03±

0.27a

37.15±

6.84c

0.13±0.01a

5.18±

0.79a

76.99±

5.08cd

0.15±0.04a

46.00±0.58d

T₅

0.31±

0.11a

10.89±

1.45abc

0.05±0.01a

1.85±

0.00a

48.96±

1.83bc

0.09±0.01a

6.71±

0.88a

163.79±

22.42a

0.08±0.00a

138.00±1.53a

T₈

0.54±

0.03a

14.32±

0.38a

0.05±0.00a

2.94±

0.47a

110.82±

20.04a

0.06±0.00a

5.09±

1.02a

148.22±

10.11ab

0.07±0.02a

138.33±0.88a

T₁₁

0.40±

0.02a

6.63±

0.38c

0.08±0.01a

2.09±

0.33a

58.36±

12.19bc

0.08±0.04a

3.71±

0.98a

88.94±

28.36bcd

0.08±0.02a

55.33±0.67c

T₁₄

0.42±

0.12a

11.45±

4.05abc

0.97±0.83a

2.14±

0.09a

81.06±

12.77ab

0.06±0.01a

6.64±

0.61a

118.69±

8.02abc

0.12±0.04a

99.00±1.15b

T₁₇

0.36±

0.00a

13.17±

1.27ab

0.05±0.00a

1.63±

0.05a

61.60±

0.26bc

0.06±0.00a

5.43±

1.32a

133.70±

35.02abc

0.08±0.01a

96.67±0.88b

0.34±

0.06a

7.91±

1.68bc

0.08±0.01a

1.81±

0.06a

35.38±

2.58c

0.10±0.01a

3.13±

0.60a

43.08±

4.44d

0.22±0.06a

48.33±0.33d

T₃

0.62±

0.05a

22.13±

1.80ab

0.06±0.01a

3.42±

0.45a

68.47±

11.64b

0.11±0.00a

5.24±

1.05a

111.29±

10.24bc

0.11±0.02a

45.67±0.88f

T₆

0.88±

0.22a

30.03±

9.42ab

0.08±0.05a

2.37±

0.62a

107.23±

21.75a

0.05±0.01a

5.84±

0.54a

156.07±

14.73ab

0.07±0.01a

107.67±1.20b

T₉

0.85±

0.35a

28.86±

2.79ab

0.17±0.03a

1.63±

0.23a

48.62±

1.03bc

0.07±0.01a

9.44±

1.03a

167.53±

20.69a

0.17±0.04a

133.33±0.33a

T₁₂

0.49±

0.07a

5.63±

0.77c

0.13±0.00a

0.93±

0.03a

37.11±

0.29bc

0.05±0.00a

3.54±

0.32a

82.94±

3.43c

0.07±0.01a

92.00±1.15d

T₁₅

0.62±

0.02a

16.67±

1.51bc

0.74±0.40a

1.65±

0.07a

43.49±

3.08bc

0.11±0.00a

7.82±

2.41a

134.18±

32.22abc

0.12±0.04a

99.33±1.20c

T₁₈

0.79±

0.12a

31.42±

4.93a

0.04±0.00a

2.10±

0.03a

59.64±

1.76bc

0.08±0.00a

4.36±

0.51a

96.34±

3.14c

0.08±0.02a

87.33±1.20e

0.34±

0.06a

7.91±

1.68c

0.08±0.01a

1.81±

0.06a

35.38±

2.58c

0.10±0.01a

3.13±

0.60a

43.08±

4.44d

0.22±0.06a

48.33±0.33f

表7 不同处理下不同时期生菜地上和地下部鲜质量、根冠比以及产量

指标 Index	主成分1 PC 1	主成分2 PC 2	主成分3 PC 3	主成分4 PC 4	主成分5 PC 5	主成分6 PC 6	主成分7 PC 7
可溶性蛋白质 Soluble protein	0.12	0.20	－0.08	0.29	0.10	0.15	－0.80
抗坏血酸 Ascorbic acid	0.12	－0.06	－0.05	－0.78	0.13	0.08	0.32
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	－0.04	0.12	0.12	0.27	0.87	0.04	－0.02
硝酸盐 Nitrate	0.07	0.65	0.14	0.46	－0.32	－0.09	－0.34
密度 Density	－0.77	－0.35	－0.01	0.03	－0.35	－0.12	0.13
最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity	0.58	0.58	－0.22	0.34	0.21	－0.04	－0.04
电导率 EC	0.15	0.82	0.12	－0.17	0.09	0.30	0.23
pH	0.00	－0.79	－0.29	0.11	－0.14	－0.28	－0.24
全磷 Total P	0.18	0.09	－0.02	0.88	0.17	0.04	0.14
全钾 Total K	0.14	－0.24	－0.88	0.19	－0.07	0.04	0.09
全氮 Total N	0.35	－0.10	－0.52	0.47	0.25	0.43	0.00
有效磷 Available P	0.28	0.84	－0.04	0.22	0.08	－0.06	－0.11
速效钾 Available K	－0.07	0.25	－0.17	0.11	0.07	0.02	0.68
硝态氮 $N O 3 －$ -N	0.49	0.21	0.10	－0.27	－0.04	0.62	0.15
铵态氮 $N H 4 ＋$ -N	0.82	－0.02	0.02	0.16	－0.28	0.04	0.07
地下部鲜质量 Fresh mass of below ground (2019-08-24)	－0.52	－0.51	0.27	－0.18	0.08	－0.26	0.28
地上部鲜质量 Fresh mass of above ground (2019-08-24)	0.85	－0.11	0.32	－0.10	0.28	－0.03	－0.06
根冠比 Ratio of root to shoot (2019-08-24)	－0.79	－0.41	0.21	－0.10	－0.11	－0.16	0.24
产量 Yield	0.42	0.05	0.06	－0.39	0.73	－0.04	0.06
SPAD (2019-08-11)	－0.78	－0.28	－0.34	0.01	－0.05	－0.25	0.04
单株叶面积 Leaf area per plant (2019-08-13)	0.06	0.17	0.15	0.06	0.02	0.88	－0.17
单株叶片数 Number of blades per plant (2019-08-11)	0.14	－0.07	0.89	0.21	0.03	0.10	－0.03
株高 Plant height (2019-08-11)	0.38	0.00	0.82	0.01	0.13	0.24	0.01
特征值 Eigen value	7.01	3.48	2.57	2.25	1.68	1.30	1.21
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	30.50	15.11	11.15	9.77	7.29	5.67	5.26
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%	30.50	45.61	56.77	66.53	73.83	79.50	84.76

表8 主成分初始因子荷载、特征值及贡献率

表9 生菜生长指标的主成分分析

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