河南省畜禽粪便的耕地污染及其未来风险预测

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.05.292

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (2): 233-242 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.05.292

资源利用与环境保护

河南省畜禽粪便的耕地污染及其未来风险预测

吴荣康(

),潘芳慧,常佳悦,张星,TIBAMBA Matthew,王友保(

)

安徽师范大学生态与环境学院，皖江流域退化生态系统的恢复与重建省部共建协同创新中心，安徽芜湖 241000

Livestock and poultry manure pollution and its future risk forecasting on farmland in Henan Province

Rongkang WU(

),Fanghui PAN,Jiayue CHANG,Xing ZHANG,Matthew TIBAMBA,Youbao WANG(

)

Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China

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摘要：

全面分析2008—2017年河南省畜禽粪便的耕地污染并预测其未来风险，以期为河南省合理安排畜禽养殖业结构，进行畜禽养殖粪便污染整治工作提供理论依据。依据2008—2017年河南省畜禽养殖数据和耕地面积数据，分析近10年河南省畜禽粪便量、猪粪当量、耕地污染负荷情况，并对未来做出预测。结果表明：近10年河南省猪粪当量的排放量、耕地总氮负荷量、耕地总磷负荷量以及畜禽粪便耕地负荷污染风险指数均有所下降；近10年畜禽粪便污染风险较高的城市主要有平顶山、鹤壁、许昌和漯河，且2017年鹤壁和漯河的畜禽粪便污染风险高，应加强对畜禽粪便的管控与处理。预计在未来，河南省猪的养殖量将迅速增加，到2025年，漯河的预警级别将由Ⅱ级变成Ⅲ级，到2030年，开封和濮阳的预警级别将由Ⅱ级变成Ⅲ级，因此，应重点加强对河南省开封、濮阳和漯河的畜禽粪便污染的防控。

关键词： 畜禽粪便; 耕地污染; 风险预测; 河南省

Abstract:

It was analysed comprehensively for farmland pollution by the livestock and poultry manure in Henan Province from 2008 to 2017 and forecasting its future risks, which providing a theoretical basis for Henan Province to arrange rationally the structure of the livestock and poultry breeding industry and carry out the work of pollution control. The study was based on the livestock and poultry breeding data and farmland area data of Henan Province from 2008 to 2017, and analysed the livestock and poultry manure volume, pig dung equivalent, and pollution load of farmland in Henan Province, and made a forecast for the future. The results showed that in the past ten years, the pig dung equivalent emissions, total nitrogen load, total phosphorus load, and pollution risk index of livestock and poultry manure’s farmland load declined. The cities within the highest risk of livestock and poultry manure pollution were Pingdingshan, Hebi, Xuchang and Luohe, and Hebi and Luohe’s livestock and poultry manure pollution risks were the highest in 2017, so the control and treatment of livestock and poultry manure should be strengthened. In the future, the pig population in Henan Province will increase rapidly, and the warning level of Luohe will change from grade Ⅱ to grade Ⅲ in 2025, and the warning levels of Kaifeng and Puyang will change from grade Ⅱ to grade Ⅲ in 2030. So the prevention and control of livestock and poultry manure pollution in Kaifeng, Puyang and Luohe in Henan Province should be strengthened.

Key words: livestock and poultry manure farmland pollution risk forecasting Henan Province

收稿日期: 2020-05-29 出版日期: 2021-04-25

CLC:

X 713

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(31070401);安徽省高校自然科学基金重大项目(KJ2018ZD033)

通讯作者: 王友保 E-mail: 1520604030@qq.com;wyb74@126.com

作者简介: 吴荣康（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-5294），E-mail：1520604030@qq.com

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引用本文:

吴荣康,潘芳慧,常佳悦,张星,TIBAMBA Matthew,王友保. 河南省畜禽粪便的耕地污染及其未来风险预测[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(2): 233-242.

Rongkang WU,Fanghui PAN,Jiayue CHANG,Xing ZHANG,Matthew TIBAMBA,Youbao WANG. Livestock and poultry manure pollution and its future risk forecasting on farmland in Henan Province. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(2): 233-242.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.05.292 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I2/233

表1 各类畜禽粪便日排泄系数 (kg/d)

表2 各类畜禽粪便的猪粪当量换算系数

种类 Kind	化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand	生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand	氨氮 $N H 4 ＋$ -N	总氮 Total nitrogen	总磷 Total phosphorus
牛粪 Cattle manure	31.00	25.53	1.71	4.37	1.18
牛尿 Cattle urine	6.00	4.00	3.47	8.00	0.40
猪粪 Pig manure	52.00	57.03	3.08	5.88	3.41
猪尿 Pig urine	9.00	5.00	1.43	3.30	0.52
羊粪 Sheep manure	4.60	4.10	0.80	7.50	2.60
家禽粪 Poultry manure	45.70	38.90	2.80	10.40	5.80

表3 畜禽粪便中污染物的平均含量[18] (kg/t)

表4 畜禽粪便耕地负荷预警值分级[19]

表 5 河南省不同年份的畜禽粪便猪粪当量 (万t)

图1 河南省各市耕地畜禽粪便中总氮负荷量

图2 河南省各市耕地畜禽粪便中总磷负荷量

图3 2008—2017年河南省各市畜禽粪便的污染风险指数与分级

表6 畜禽养殖数量的预测值 (107头（只）)

表7 2025和2030年河南省各类污染物数量预测值 (万t)

图4 河南省各市2008、2017、2025与2030年畜禽粪便的污染风险指数和分级

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