振摆式起苗清土一体机结构设计与田间试验

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.041

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (5): 618-624 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.041

农业工程

振摆式起苗清土一体机结构设计与田间试验

霍鹏^1,²(

),李建平¹(

),杨欣¹,许述财²,范晓文^1,²

^1.河北农业大学机电工程学院，河北保定 071000
^2.清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084

Structure design and field test of vibration swing type seedling lifting and soil cleaning machine

Peng HUO^1,²(

),Jianping LI¹(

),Xin YANG¹,Shucai XU²,Xiaowen FAN^1,²

^1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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摘要：

为了实现果园苗木出圃过程机械化，对起苗清土一体机的起苗装置、清土装置等关键部件进行参数化设计，并对起苗铲进行有限元分析和优化。结果表明：起苗铲最大等效应力由5.026 Mpa降为0.238 MPa，最大等效应变由2.141降为0.663，整体变形远小于设计要求的5 mm，符合设计要求。通过田间试验对样机可靠性进行验证，结果表明，所起苗木的主根长度在120～150 mm之间，苗株伤害率较低，满足农艺要求。该振摆式起苗清土一体机尺寸参数可为后续开展起苗清土装置的设计研发提供参考。

关键词： 起苗; 清土; 结构设计; 有限元分析; 田间试验

Abstract:

In order to realize the mechanization of the process of the orchard seedling leaving the nursery, the structure of seedling lifting and soil cleaning machine was designed, and the parametric design was carried out for key components such as seedling lifting device and soil cleaning device, and then finite element analysis and optimization were carried out for the seedling lifting shovel. The results showed that the maximum equivalent stress decreased from 5.026 MPa to 0.238 MPa, and the maximum equivalent strain decreased from 2.141 to 0.663. The overall deformation was far less than 5 mm, which met the design requirements. Finally, the reliability of the prototype was verified by field test. The results showed that the main root length of the seedlings was between 120 mm and 150 mm, and the injury rate of the seedlings was low, which met the requirements of agronomy. The size parameters of the machine are expected to provide a reference for the design and research of the seedling lifting and soil cleaning device.

Key words: seedling lifting soil cleaning structural design finite element analysis field test

收稿日期: 2020-03-04 出版日期: 2020-11-19

CLC:

S 232

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51305223);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201100);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27);河北省现代农业产业技术体系水果创新团队(HBCT2018100205)

通讯作者: 李建平 E-mail: pah0319@163.com;ljpnd327@126.com

作者简介: 霍鹏（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0316-7872），E-mail：pah0319@163.com

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引用本文:

霍鹏,李建平,杨欣,许述财,范晓文. 振摆式起苗清土一体机结构设计与田间试验[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(5): 618-624.

Peng HUO,Jianping LI,Xin YANG,Shucai XU,Xiaowen FAN. Structure design and field test of vibration swing type seedling lifting and soil cleaning machine. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(5): 618-624.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.041 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I5/618

图1 起苗清土系统结构示意图1：减速机；2：主传动链；3：支传动链；4：起苗装置；5：机架；6：清土装置；7：起苗铲。

图2 运苗皮带及动力传输装置1：链条；2：锥齿轮变速箱；3：伸缩万向节传动轴；4：右皮带； 5：左皮带；6：带轮支架；7：弹簧；8：导轮。

图3 振摆式清土装置1：链条；2：轴；3：摆环；4：清土杆；5：球头连杆；6：连杆；7：摆动杆。

图4 空间四杆机构简图

装置组别 Installation group	$L O A$ /mm	$L A B$ /mm	$L B C$ /mm	$L C D$ /mm	$L O D$ /mm	α/(°)
1	220.45	142.85	352.64	349.79	408.01	－20
2	220.59	151.59	339.94	360.31	400.63	－20
3	212.50	140.59	361.25	350.69	412.46	－20
4	220.76	177.32	340.52	349.49	408.01	－20
5	211.11	140.90	350.51	363.25	410.64	－15
6	234.58	152.34	353.84	351.34	393.49	－20
7	221.88	171.58	360.25	364.28	391.61	－15
8	209.90	150.68	350.82	350.31	413.06	－15
9	223.45	142.27	360.36	362.44	381.59	－15
10	220.69	141.19	358.92	362.30	391.61	－20

表1 优化后所得机构实际尺寸

表2 起苗铲尺寸参数

图5 起苗铲设计图

表3 土壤材料参数

图6 仿生起苗铲仿真结果A.等效应力；B.等效应变。

图7 仿生起苗铲优化结果A.等效应力；B.等效应变。

表4 田间试验作业结果

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