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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)
论文     
浓缩味精废液作为高温堆肥调酸保氮剂的适宜添加时间研究
孔海民1,2， 刘丽1,3， 李田宇1， 汪继兵4， 方萍1,4*
（1.浙江大学环境与资源学院，污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室，杭州 310058；2.浙江省农业技术推广中心，杭州 310020；3.贵州大学农学院农业资源与环境系，贵阳 550025；4.浙江大学环境与资源学院，浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室，杭州 310058）
Appropriate adding time of concentrated monosodium glutamate wastewater as acidity adjusting and nitrogen loss control agent in high temperature composting
KONG Haiming1,2, LIU Li1,3, LI Tianyu1, WANG Jibing4, FANG Ping1,4*
(1. Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2. Agricultural Technology Popularization Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China; 3. Department of Agricultural Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 4. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)
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摘要： 通过模拟堆肥试验探讨在堆肥不同阶段添加浓缩味精废液对物料pH与产品含氮量的影响。结果表明：未添加浓缩味精废液处理（CK）的物料初始pH值为8.5，结束时为8.9；在堆肥开始前添加物料质量2%的浓缩味精废液处理（M1）的物料起始pH值为7.0，比CK降低1.5个pH单位，在整个堆肥过程中保持在8.0以下，至堆肥结束时为7.6；在堆肥启动后5 d添加物料质量2%的浓缩味精废液处理（M2）的物料pH虽比CK有所降低，但降幅不及M1，仅为0.2~0.3个pH单位。在整个堆肥过程中M1处理的物料NH4+N含量显著高于M2和CK，堆肥前期的差异更大；堆肥后期M1处理的物料NO3-N含量和堆肥结束时的全氮含量均显著高于M2和CK，而M2和CK之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.01）。说明堆肥开始前向物料中添加适当比例的浓缩味精废液比高温期添加更有利于降低堆肥物料的pH，促进物料中NH4+N的硝化，保氮效果更为明显。
Abstract: The pH rise of the compost mixture is one of the main causes for nitrogen volatilization loss in the composting process. As a consequence of organic degradation, accumulated ammonium nitrogen will trigger pH rise spontaneously. It is generally believed that ammonia nitrogen (NH3) will volatilize once the pH of compost mixture exceeds 8.0. And the higher the pH is, the more the NH3 volatilization will be. In this way, the pH rise of mixture will result in substandard compost products, not only because its pH is out of the upper limit (pH=8.5) of the NY 525—2012 standard, but also significant decline of nutrition content due to NH3 volatilization. Hence, adjusting the pH of materials to control nitrogen loss becomes one of the hot issues in the organic fertilizer industry. A lot of chemical agents have been applied to adjust the pH in composting. However, most of them are difficult to implement efficiency and decrease production cost, let alone the dilution effects and imbalance of nutrition. The concentrated monosodium glutamate wastewater (CMGW) is an evaporative and concentrated liquid waste from discharged organic water in production of monosodium glutamate, characterized by rich nutrients and free heavy metal pollution. Previous studies have indicated that CMGW is a promising conditioning agent to adjust acidity and reduce NH3 volatilization for composting, and the suggested optimum dosage is 2% of the mixture in mass. 
The appropriate adding time of CMGW for adjusting pH and decreasing nitrogen loss due to NH3 volatilization in composting was further discussed in present study by a compost simulation experiment. The simulation experiment took place in a composting device (patent number: ZL 201010589910X) with the mixture of fresh pig manure and mushroom residues at a ratio of 3∶1 in mass, as well as 1% fermentation bacterial agent of the mixture. Three treatments were conducted as follows: 1) M1, application of 2% CMGW before composting; 2) M2, application of 2% CMGW at the 5th day of composting; 3) CK, control group without CMGW. 
After composting, the pH of the control group without CMGW increased from 8.5 to 9.0, which exceeded the standard limit, and was significantly higher than that in the other two treatments with 2% CMGW during the whole composting process. Furthermore, a significant difference between the pH in the M1 and M2 treatments was also found, in which the pH was reduced by 1.0-1.5 units to 7.0 for M1, while just 0.2〖-0.3 units for M2. The results suggested that the adding time played a remarkable role in acidity adjustment efficiency of CMGW, and the application before composting would be more effective. This suggestion was further testified by the change of nitrogen contents in composting. The NH4+N content of the compost mixture in the M1 treatment was significantly higher than that in M2 or CK treatment during the composting process, especially at the early stage. However, the maximal reduction of NH4+N content was also found in the M1 treatment, which showed an equal minimum NH4+N content in the other two treatments at the end of composting. Meanwhile, as the NH4+N content decreased, the NO3-N content of compost mixture in the M1 treatment rose so promptly that it was significantly higher than that in the M2 or CK treatment at the later stage of composting, but few changes were showed in the latter two treatments and there was no difference between them in the whole composting process. In addition, the total nitrogen content of the compost products in the M1 treatment was also significantly higher than that in the CK or M2 treatment at the end of composting. Nevertheless, the adding time of CMGW had no negative effect on the indexes of composting process, such as the temperature and moisture content in composting and the seed germination index of compost products.
In conclusion, the acidity adjustment efficiency and the nitrogen content of compost mixture are significantly affected by the adding time of CMGW in composting. Specifically, the appropriate application of CMGW at the beginning of composting can not only adjust the pH of compost mixture to a qualified level, but also provide more nitrogen source (especially NH4+N) and promote the transformation of NH4+N to NO3-N, reducing nitrogen loss from NH4+N volatilization in composting eventually.
收稿日期: 2015-08-13 出版日期: 2016-04-12
CLC:  S-3  
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引用本文:

孔海民， 刘丽， 李田宇， 汪继兵， 方萍. 浓缩味精废液作为高温堆肥调酸保氮剂的适宜添加时间研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.08.131.

KONG Haiming, LIU Li, LI Tianyu, WANG Jibing, FANG Ping. Appropriate adding time of concentrated monosodium glutamate wastewater as acidity adjusting and nitrogen loss control agent in high temperature composting. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.08.131.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.08.131    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y0/V/I/1

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