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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2015, Vol. 41 Issue (4): 428-438    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.01.286
生物科学与技术     
宁夏白芨滩不同生境土壤动物多样性及其与环境因子的相关性
张娇，李岳诚，张大治
1.宁夏大学生命科学学院，银川 750021；2.宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021
Species diversity of soil animals at different desert habitats in Baijitan region of Ningxia and its relationship with environmental factors
Zhang Jiao, Li Yuecheng， Zhang Dazhi
(1.School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)
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摘要： 以宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区为研究区，选择荒漠草原区、人工固沙林地和流动-半流动沙地3类生境7个样地，利用Tullgren干漏斗法和手拣法采集土壤动物，研究土壤动物多样性及其与环境因子的相关性。结果共获得2门3纲8目18科土壤动物，跗线螨科、步甲科和叶蝉科为3类生境下土壤动物群落的优势类群.荒漠草原区土壤动物物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数显著高于人工固沙林地和流动-半流动沙地（P<0.05），人工固沙林地均匀度指数和多样性指数最低，而优势度指数显著高于荒漠草原区和流动-半流动沙地（P<0.05）；在不同生境下土壤动物垂直分布随土层深度的增加而降低，在0~5 cm土层各指数均达到最高值，表聚性较为明显；在不同生境下相同深度土层中的土壤动物丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为荒漠草原区>人工固沙林地>流动-半流动沙地，说明伴随着生境异质性的增加，土壤动物多样性趋于复杂；冗余分析显示土壤动物多样性对土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷和植物多样性反应较为敏感；偏相关分析表明，影响表层土壤动物多样性的主要因子是土壤温度、含水量、有机碳、全氮和植物多样性指数，影响深层土壤动物多样性的主要因子是土壤含水量.
Abstract:  Soil animals play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems. It can not only indicate the subtle variation of habitats, but also reflect the trend of ecological communities. Diversity of soil animals is an important part of biodiversity study of soil. In recent years, desert habitat diversity in Baijitan National Nature Reserve of Lingwu in Ningxia has formed along with the development of control engineering. However, there is lack of the information on the diversity and distribution patterns of soil animals, the correlation between distribution patterns of soil animals and process of habitat change.
Knowledge of the temporal variability of soil animal populations and species is crucial to understand the soil community dynamics. The main purposes of this study were to elucidate 1) the characteristics and differences of soil animal diversity at different habitats, and 2) the ecological factors affecting the distribution pattern and diversity of soil animals. These studies will have important significance on monitoring and conservation of biological diversity.
To understand diversity features of soil faunal community in desert landscape, seven sample plots with the habitat types of desert steppe (DS), artificial sandfixation land (AS) and shifting and semi-shifting dune land (SL) were selected as study sites. The area of each plot is about 600 m2 (6 m×100 m). The segregate efficiency of soil animals among the 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 to 15-20 cm layer in different plots was studied using Tullgren and Baermann methods in August, 2013. Plant diversity was surveyed by quadrat method. Soil temperature, nutrients and physicochemical factors were measured.
By preliminary identification, there were 260 specimens of soil animals, which belonged to 2 phyla, 3 classes, 8 orders and 18 families. Tarsonemidae, Carabidae and Cicadellidae were the dominant groups. Density index and species richness index of DS were significantly higher than AS and SL (P<0.05). ShannonWiener diversity index of DS were significantly higher than AS (P<0.05). Simpson dominance index of SL was significantly higher than DS (P<0.05). Soil animals were principally assembled on surface layer. The vertical distribution of soil animals decreased with increasing soil depth. The surface aggregation of soil animals in SL was more obvious than that of the AS and DS. The density of soil animals, Simpson dominance index, species richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were highest on 0-5 cm soil layer in DS, SL and AL. Compared with the same soil layer, richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices showed DS>AS>SL, which turned out that in succession of SL to DS, the density and the number of soil animals increased. Redundancy analysis showed that soil water content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and plant diversity index were sensitive to the diversity of soil animals. Partial correlation analysis showed that the main factors affecting the soil animal diversity of surface soil layer were soil temperature, soil water content, organic carbon, total nitrogen and plant diversity index, and the factors affecting the diversity of animal of deep soil layer was soil water content.
It is concluded that soil animals in desert habitats are principally assembled on surface layer. Diversity of soil animals is obviously affected by habitat heterogeneity, which tend to be more complicated with higher habitat heterogeneity and lower desertification degree of soil. Soil water content, organic carbon and plant diversity index are the main ecological factors affecting the diversity of desert soil animals.
出版日期: 2015-07-20
CLC:  Q 969.48  
通讯作者: 张大治（http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-6183)     E-mail: zdz313@nxu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

张娇，李岳诚，张大治. 宁夏白芨滩不同生境土壤动物多样性及其与环境因子的相关性[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2015, 41(4): 428-438.

Zhang Jiao, Li Yuecheng, Zhang Dazhi. Species diversity of soil animals at different desert habitats in Baijitan region of Ningxia and its relationship with environmental factors. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2015, 41(4): 428-438.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2015.01.286    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2015/V41/I4/428

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