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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2015, Vol. 41 Issue (03): 331-339    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2014.10.203
农业科学     
不同覆盖材料对土壤性状及玉米前期生长的影响
李荣, 侯贤清*, 樊小勇, 孙亚宁, 刘红勋, 孟旭庭, 饶天琦
宁夏大学农学院,银川750021
Effect of different mulching materials on soil properties and growth in the early stage of maize
Li Rong, Hou Xianqing*, Fan Xiaoyong, Sun Yaning, Liu  Hongxun, Meng Xuting, Rao Tianqi
(School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)
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摘要： 为探讨不同覆盖材料对宁夏旱作区土壤性状及玉米前期生长的影响,通过覆盖白色地膜、黑色地膜、麻地膜和秸秆4种材料,以裸地为对照,分析不同覆盖材料对土壤水温、养分状况及玉米前期生长的影响。研究结果表明：玉米苗期至大喇叭口期,白色地膜和黑色地膜处理0~10 cm土层土壤温度较对照显著增高1.3  ℃和2.2  ℃,而秸秆和麻地膜处理略低于对照;麻地膜和秸秆处理对玉米生育前期0~20 cm土层土壤水分的保水保墒效果显著,较对照分别提高38.1%和34.4%,白色地膜和黑色地膜次之。在麻地膜、秸秆处理下0~20 cm土层土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量均显著高于对照,而速效钾含量均显著低于对照,白色地膜和黑色地膜处理与对照无显著差异。玉米生育前期,麻地膜、秸秆处理分别比对照提前7 d和8 d进入大喇叭口期。麻地膜、秸秆处理玉米前期株高及地上部生物量显著高于对照,而白色地膜与黑色地膜处理与对照无显著差异。可见,采用麻地膜和秸秆覆盖,具有较好的降温和保水保墒效果,土壤养分含量明显增加,显著促进了玉米前期的生长。
Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of different mulching materials on soil properties and growth of maize in the early stage, a pot experiment was conducted in dry-farming areas of Ningxia to determine the effects of different mulching materials on soil temperature, soil water, nutrient status and growth of maize in the early stage. Different mulching material treatments of our pot experiment were introduced, which included white plastic film, black plastic film, bast fiber film, and maize straw. A flat plot without mulch was used as a control. Our study results showed that, from seedling stage to the large bell stage of maize, the average temperature in 10 cm depth soil layer of white film and black film treatments was 1.3  ℃ and 2.2  ℃ significantly higher than that of control, respectively. In contrast, the temperature of soil mulched with maize straw or bast fiber film slightly dropped compared with the control. In the early growth stage of maize, the maize straw and bast fiber film treatments have the best effect on water conservation: The soil water storage (020 cm) were 38.1% and 34.4% significantly higher than that of the control, respectively, followed by the white and black plastic film treatments. The bast fiber film and straw treatments significantly increased the soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, and available phosphorus content at 020 cm compared with the control. However, the available potassium content of the bast fiber film and maize straw treatments was slightly lower than the control. Under the treatments of fiber film and straw, the large bell stage of maize was 7 and 8 days earlier than that of control, respectively. The bast fiber film and straw treatments promoted the growth in the early stage of maize, and the biomass and plant height of maize under the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the control. Taken together, the bast fiber film and maize straw treatments not only significantly decreased the soil temperature, but also increased soil water and nutrient contents, thereby promoting the early stage growth of maize.
出版日期: 2015-05-20
CLC:  S 318  
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李荣
侯贤清
樊小勇
孙亚宁
刘红勋
孟旭庭
饶天琦

引用本文:

李荣, 侯贤清, 樊小勇, 孙亚宁, 刘红勋, 孟旭庭, 饶天琦. 不同覆盖材料对土壤性状及玉米前期生长的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2015, 41(03): 331-339.

Li Rong, Hou Xianqing, Fan Xiaoyong, Sun Yaning, Liu Hongxun, Meng Xuting, Rao Tianqi. Effect of different mulching materials on soil properties and growth in the early stage of maize. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2015, 41(03): 331-339.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2014.10.203    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2015/V41/I03/331

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