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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2015, Vol. 41 Issue (2): 219-227    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2014.09.151
资源与环境科学     
阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺及阳离子添加对水稻土流失量的影响
陶淑鑫， 施加春， 曾令藻， 吴劳生*
浙江大学环境与资源学院土水资源与环境研究所，杭州 310058
Effects of anionic polyacrylamide and cation addition on paddy soil loss.
Tao Shuxin, Shi Jiachun, Zeng Lingzao, Wu Laosheng*
(Institute of Soil and Water Resource and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)
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摘要： 以水稻土（黄斑田）为供试对象，采用恒温振荡及室内沉降方法，通过不同量的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（polyacrylamide，PAM）与Na+、Ca2+的添加研究在外力扰动下，稻田土壤颗粒在水体中的沉降和流失状况，探索不同条件下土壤流失的减量效果。结果表明：1）在添加PAM条件下，土壤流失量随PAM增加呈先降低后升高的趋势，最适PAM添加量在5 mg/L左右时，静置沉降2 min内土壤颗粒的减少量达90%；试验土壤中水稳性团聚体(>0.25 mm)含量随PAM增加而不断增加，说明PAM添加对于促进土壤颗粒间聚合及加速水体中土壤颗粒聚沉效果显著；2）在添加阳离子情况下，随着阳离子浓度增加，其促进土壤颗粒聚沉从而减少土壤流失的作用逐渐增强，且在相同电荷密度条件下Ca2+的效果明显优于Na+，具体表现为Ca2+(0.005 mol/L)>Ca2+(0.001 mol/L)>Na+ (0.01 mol/L)>Na+ (0.002 mol/L)> 无外加阳离子（0 mol/L）的空白对照；3）阳离子与PAM同时添加的作用效果与分别添加时差异巨大，表现为阳离子加入降低了PAM的聚沉能力并使其最适添加水平提高，同种离子随浓度增加这种作用更为明显；二者共同添加时，其减少土壤流失、增加土壤颗粒聚沉的效果表现为单独施加PAM>［Na+(0.002 mol/L)+PAM］>［Ca2+(0.001 mol/L)+PAM］>［Na+ (0.01 mol/L)+PAM］>［Ca2+(0.005 mol/L)+PAM］>空白对照，各离子处理对PAM增加土壤水稳性团聚体(>0.25 mm)含量的影响差异不明显，但均小于单独添加PAM条件下土壤水稳性团聚体(>0.25 mm)的增加量。总体上，PAM和阳离子都有利于促进水体中土壤颗粒聚沉，减少土壤的流失量，但当二者共同添加或者土壤与水体中盐分含量过高时PAM的作用会被削弱。
Abstract: Soil erosion is one of the serious threats in many parts of the world. Comparing with dry land soil, little information is available on erosion from paddy field during storms. Soil and nutrient loss by erosion may significantly contribute to non-point source pollution. Thus, control of soil erosion in paddy field is of great significance for soil and water conservation. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a generic chemistry term that refers to a broad class of compounds, and they are often used as soil conditioner. Significant sediment reductions have been observed in furrow irrigation when small amounts of PAM are applied in irrigation water. Early research has also indicated that cations can enhance the PAM performance in sediment reduction. Thus this study was to test the effect of different concentrations of PAM, Na+, and Ca2+ on sediment loss of a paddy soil (taxonomical name: silt-clayed yellow mottled paddy soil, and sampling location: 30°39′ N, 120°47′ E) by determining the soil particle concentrations in the suspensions through settling experiment at room temperature. The results indicated that when small amount of PAM (0.25 mm) increased as PAM application rate increased in all treatments. The optimal PAM application rate to reduce soil particle loss was about 5 mg/L, which could reduce the soil particle concentration in the suspension by 90% in 2 min. Adding cations could significantly change the effect of PAM on soil particle settlement. The cations’ ability to reduce soil loss and promote the settlement of soil particles was in the order of Ca2+ (0.005 mol/L)>Ca2+ (0.001 mol/L)>Na+ (0.01 mol/L)>Na+ (0.002 mol/L)>control (0 mol/L cation). The effect of Ca2+ was much greater than that of Na+ at the same charge density. It was also observed that, contradictory to the common belief, the ability of PAM to reduce soil loss and promote settlement of soil particles decreased when the cations were added to the soil suspension. In the presence of cations, more PAM was required to reduce the soil particle concentration in the suspension, and for the same cation, higher cation concentration required higher PAM addition rate to achieve the same result. The ability to reduce soil loss and promote the settlement of soil particles was in the order of PAM>［Na+ (0.002 mol/L)+PAM］>［Ca2+ (0.001 mol/L)+PAM］>［Na+ (0.01 mol/L)+PAM］>［Ca2+ (0.005 mol/L)+PAM］>control. No significant difference was observed in increasing the water-stable aggregates (>0.25 mm) among different cations added to the PAM treatment. In conclusion, both PAM and cations can promote flocculation of the soil particles in soil suspension to reduce the paddy soil loss when they are individually added, but the effect will be weakened when they are added together or with too high PAM concentration.
出版日期: 2015-03-20
CLC:  X 524  
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陶淑鑫
施加春
曾令藻
吴劳生

引用本文:

陶淑鑫，施加春，曾令藻，吴劳生. 阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺及阳离子添加对水稻土流失量的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2015, 41(2): 219-227.

Tao Shuxin, Shi Jiachun, Zeng Lingzao, Wu Laosheng. Effects of anionic polyacrylamide and cation addition on paddy soil loss.. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2015, 41(2): 219-227.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2014.09.151    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2015/V41/I2/219

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[1] 李丹，梁新强，吴嘉平. 水库型饮用水源地水环境模拟与预测[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2018, 44(1): 75-88.