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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2014, Vol. 40 Issue (6): 653-660    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2014.01.071
农业科学     
多效唑对杨梅枯枝病的影响及防治
陈方永1,2*， 倪海枝1， 王引1， 任正初1， 刘继红2， 王一光3
（1.浙江省柑橘研究所，浙江 黄岩318020；2.华中农业大学园艺林学学院，武汉430070；3.浙江省温州市农业局特产站，浙江 温州325000）
Effect of paclobutrazol (PP333) on twig dieback of Myrica rubra and control.
Chen Fangyong1,2*, Ni Haizhi1, Wang Yin1, Ren Zhengchu1, Liu Jihong2, Wang Yiguang3
(1. Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang, Huangyan, Zhejiang 318020, China; 2. College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 3. Specialty Station of Agriculture Bureau of Wenzhou City in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China)
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摘要： 检测分析不同剂量多效唑施用后在杨梅叶片、根部、果实的残留情况，以及对叶片色泽、根系、果实品质的影响；综合分析多效唑与杨梅枯枝病发生的因果关系。并针对枯枝病发生特点，利用自主研发的混配药物进行综合防治试验，并对治愈植株果实的农药残留进行随机检测。结果表明，重度、中度、轻度发病树叶片、根部多效唑含量差异显著，分别为叶片439.00，25.60，13.20 μg/kg，根部266.00，3.38，1.20 μg/kg，发病程度越高残留量越大；果实中均未检测到多效唑残留；500 mg/kg高质量分数的多效唑处理使杨梅叶片气孔密度增大，气孔面积减小；T1(200 mg/kg)，T2(300 mg/kg)，T3(500 mg/kg)3个质量分数的多效唑连续施用与植株枯枝病轻度、中度、重度发生相对应，呈正相关；利用自主研发的混配药物对枯枝病发病植株进行防治效果显著。轻度发病树经3年连续治理后基本恢复正常生长，死树率为0，而作为对照的发病率为74.7%、死树率为21.6%；中度发病树治愈率均分别达90%以上，对照发病率为100%；严重发病树治愈率均在50%以上，对照在4年后全部死亡。经综合防治后恢复正常生长的植株果实的农药残留显著降低，克百威、甲胺磷、氧乐果和溴氰菊酯4个农药残留指标低于国家无公害标准的1~5倍，重金属铅的含量低于国家无公害标准的8倍。总之，多效唑施用后对杨梅可产生不可逆的影响，即多效唑(中高浓度多次施用)—树势早衰—拟盘多毛孢菌寄生侵染—枯枝病出现—枯枝死树—病菌扩大繁殖并加速传播，形成恶性循环，导致枯枝死树连续发生。而利用笔者的专利技术尽早采取综合防治效果明显。
Abstract: Red bayberry (Myrica rubra (Lour.) Zucc) is one of the major fruits planted in Zhejiang Province, China. It provides an important financial support for the farmers in this area. However, the fungal disease twig dieback severely threats the growth of red bayberry. Once one plant is infected by this disease, it would spread and destroy the whole orchard in three years. Controlling technology on this disease is urgently needed at this area. Paclobutrazol (PP333) is a chemical widely used for plant growth regulation. It causes plant growth shorter, stronger, more branches and better fruiting. It has been widely used on the red bayberry for higher production. However, over-dosage use of the chemical PP333 is suspected to connect with the epidemic of twig dieback in Zhejiang, China. The causal agent of the twig dieback disease was proved to be Pestalotiopsis species. It is postulated that the application of PP333 inhibits some bacteria growth and breaks microbial community balance in the soil, so that the causal agent of twig dieback is predominant. In order to test the hypothesis, we investigated the correlation between application amount of PP333 and disease severity in eight farms in Zhejiang in four years. In the eight farms, we investigated the connection of application dosage of PP333 with the residues of the chemical in leaves, roots and fruits respectively. In different treatments of PP333, leaf colour, root architecture and fruit quality were also investigated. Application of three concentrations of PP333, T1 (200 mg/kg), T2 (300 mg/kg) and T3 (500 mg/kg), resulted in light, moderate and heavy twig dieback disease, respectively. The results showed that over-dosage application of PP333 in successive years caused fruit tree early senility and server diseases infection. In order to cure the infected fruit trees, we applied a new home-made chemical to the infected trees. The results showed that the home-made chemical is quite effective to control the disease. After three years of treatment on the light infected orchard, all the disease infected trees were recovered to be healthy. However, the control orchard without treatment was more seriously infected. The infected trees occupied 74.7% and 21.6% trees died. In the moderate infected orchard, three years of treatment recovered over 90% of infected trees. The untreated control trees get infected to be 100%. In the heavy infected orchard, three years of treatment recovered over 50% of infected trees. As the control, all the untreated trees died in the fourth year. The results showed that the new home-made chemical was very effective to cure the infected trees. Physiological effects of PP333 on Dongkui red bayberry were also investigated. The higher concentration of PP333 (500 mg/kg) caused higher stomatal density and smaller stomatal size. Twig dieback severity was correlated with the amount of PP333 chemical residues in leaves and roots. Application of different amounts of PP333 to the trees had significant different residues of PP333 in leaves and roots. On the light, moderate and heavy infected fruit trees, the content of PP333 in leaves was 13.20, 25.60 and 439.00 μg/kg respectively and the content of PP333 in roots was 1.20, 3.38 and 266.00 μg/kg respectively, but the chemical residuals in fruits were very low. We concluded that over-dosage application of PP333 is the major cause of twig dieback disease predominance on red bayberry. The over-dosage application of PP333 promotes fruit tree early senility, then promotes Pestalotiopsis species infection, then causes twig dieback symptoms and tree dies, and then more Pestalotiopsis species are spread and more trees are infected. It forms a vicious cycle. To control the disease, our patented home-made chemical is effective.
出版日期: 2014-11-20
CLC:  S 48  
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刘继红2
王一光3
陈方永1
2*
倪海枝1
王引1
任正初1

引用本文:

陈方永1,2*， 倪海枝1， 王引1， 任正初1， 刘继红2， 王一光3. 多效唑对杨梅枯枝病的影响及防治[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2014, 40(6): 653-660.

Chen Fangyong1,2*, Ni Haizhi1, Wang Yin1, Ren Zhengchu1, Liu Jihong2, Wang Yiguang3. Effect of paclobutrazol (PP333) on twig dieback of Myrica rubra and control.. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2014, 40(6): 653-660.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2014.01.071    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2014/V40/I6/653

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