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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2014, Vol. 40 Issue (6): 627-637    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.12.201
农业科学     
播种量与氮肥运筹对直播杂交籼稻抗倒伏潜力及产量的影响
蒋明金， 孙永健， 徐徽， 代邹， 杨志远， 马均*
（四川农业大学水稻研究所/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，四川 温江 611130）
Effects of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer management on lodging resistance potential and grain yield of direct-seeding hybrid rice
Jiang Mingjin， Sun Yongjian， Xu Hui， Dai Zou， Yang Zhiyuan， Ma Jun*
(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology， Ecology， and Cultivation in Southwest China， Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute， Sichuan Agricultural University， Wenjiang 611130， Sichuan， China)
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摘要： 以早熟杂交稻组合446A/518为试验材料，研究播种量和氮肥运筹方式对直播水稻抗倒伏能力及产量的影响，并探讨茎秆理化性质与植株倒伏指数之间的关系.结果表明，播种量和氮肥运筹方式对水稻节间茎秆理化性质、抗倒伏能力及产量均有显著影响.随着播种量的增加，植株的抗倒伏能力有一定的降低，而氮肥运筹方式对水稻节间倒伏指数的影响差异较大.当播种量小于22.5 kg/hm2时，穗肥比例的增加会加大植株倒伏的风险，而当播种量增加到30.0 kg/hm2时，增加穗肥比例有利于提高植株的抗倒伏能力，可能与其基部节间变短、扁平率及空腔面积变小、折断弯矩变大、纤维素和木质素含量较高有关.相关分析表明，在不同播种量和氮肥运筹方式下水稻茎秆理化性质与植株的抗倒伏能力显著或极显著相关.总之，在播种量为22.5 kg/hm2,底肥、蘖肥、穗肥比例为5∶2∶3时直播稻的产量相对较高，且抗倒伏能力较好，为本试验的最佳处理.
Abstract: Direct-seeding rice is becoming more and more popular because of its simplification， which can effectively reduce the demands of labors for rice production. However， it usually needs larger planting density to achieve high grain yields which easily leads to an oversize rice population， and hence the lodging problem can not be ignored. Many researches have reported the significant influence of nitrogen application and planting density on lodging resistance and grain yield of transplanting rice. But the work on lodging resistance of direct-seeding rice is still less reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer management on lodging resistance and grain yield of direct-seeding hybrid rice with 446A/518 as the experimental material， and the correlations between lodging index and some physical and chemical characteristics of stems or grain yield of rice plants were also analyzed. The results indicated that there were significant influences of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer management on the physical and chemical characteristics of different internodes， lodging resistance and grain yield of direct-seeding rice. With the increase of seeding rate， the lodging resistance had a certain degree of reduction. When the seeding rate was less than 22.5 kg per hectare， the lodging resistance would reduce with the increase of panicle fertilizer. However， more panicle fertilizer was beneficial to improve the lodging resistance of rice plants when the seeding rate increased from 22.5 to 30.0 kg per hectare. The shorter basal internodes， the smaller cavity area and flat ratio， the larger breaking resistance， and the higher contents of cellulose and lignin of the internodes may play important roles to the higher lodging index. Correlation analysis indicated that not only the physical and chemical characteristics of stems but also grain yield and its components both had close relationships with lodging resistance of direct-seeding rice. In this experiment， grain yield would grow till it reached the highest when the seeding rate increased to 22.5 kg per hectare， and decreased significantly afterwards when the seeding rate was 30 kg per hectare. Besides the simple effect of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer management， their interaction effect was also significant， and the influences of nitrogen fertilizer management on grain yield and its components were various under the different seeding rates. Under the seeding rate of 15 kg per hectare， the highest grain yield was gained when the ratios of basal∶ tillering∶panicle nitrogen fertilizers was 4∶1∶5， but the fifth internode was easy to lodging. When the seeding rate was 22.5 kg per hectare， the ratios of basal∶tillering∶panicle nitrogen fertilizers were 5∶2∶3 （N1） and 4∶1∶5 （N3） had the higher grain yield， but the N1 management was more resistant to lodging. However， when the seeding rate was 30.0 kg per hectare and the ratio of basal∶tillering∶panicle nitrogen fertilizers was 3∶3∶4 （N2）， all the yield components were gained except for the seeding-setting rate， which might decrease the grain yield significantly. In sum， the relatively high grain yield and a better lodging resistance was gained simultaneously when the seeding rate was 22.5 kg per hectare and the ratio of basal∶tillering∶panicle nitrogen fertilizers was 5∶2∶3， so it is the optimal cultivation measure in this experiment.
出版日期: 2014-11-20
CLC:  Q 945  
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蒋明金
孙永健
徐徽
代邹
杨志远
马均*

引用本文:

蒋明金， 孙永健， 徐徽， 代邹， 杨志远， 马均*. 播种量与氮肥运筹对直播杂交籼稻抗倒伏潜力及产量的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2014, 40(6): 627-637.

Jiang Mingjin， Sun Yongjian， Xu Hui， Dai Zou， Yang Zhiyuan， Ma Jun* . Effects of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer management on lodging resistance potential and grain yield of direct-seeding hybrid rice. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2014, 40(6): 627-637.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.12.201    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2014/V40/I6/627

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