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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2014, Vol. 40 Issue (3): 314-    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.10.252
资源与环境科学     
碳源、温度及水力停留时间对地下水硝酸盐的去除效果
侯卫龙, 周鸿翔, 施加春, 曾令藻, 吴劳生*
（浙江大学环境与资源学院土水资源与环境研究所,杭州310058）
Effects of carbon sources, temperature and hydraulic retention time on nitrate removal from groundwater
Hou Weilong, Zhou Hongxiang, Shi Jiachun, Zeng Lingzao, Wu Laosheng*
(Institute of Soil and Water Resource and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
)
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摘要： 采用生物修复方法,通过实验室模拟试验,比较水稻秸秆、玉米芯和报纸3种不同固体碳源在不同温度和水力停留时间（hydraulic retention time,HRT）条件下对地下水硝酸盐的去除效果,以便筛选出优质固体碳源为污染场地应用提供参考。结果表明,以水稻秸秆和玉米芯作为碳源,硝酸盐的去除效果最佳。在初始硝酸盐质量浓度为30 mg/L（以N计）条件下,硝酸盐去除率均在24 h内达到100％,并且产生的亚硝酸盐质量浓度较低,亚硝酸盐有短暂升高现象但24 h之后降至0.1 mg/L以下,因此水稻秸秆和玉米芯可作为较优质的固体碳源。在4个不同温度条件下（15,20,25,30 ℃）,添加3种碳源的反硝化效果均表现为温度越高硝酸盐去除率越高,同时去除率达到100%所用时间越短,产生的亚硝酸盐质量浓度越低,而且温度在25~30 ℃时反硝化效果达到最优。筛选出的2种较优碳源水稻秸秆和玉米芯,在不同HRT条件下（6.7,10,20,40 h）均表现为HRT越长,硝酸盐质量浓度有显著降低,亚硝酸盐质量浓度峰值越低且降低的也越快。以玉米芯为碳源时,在不同HRT条件下,铵态氮质量浓度均随时间逐渐降低,在30 h之内降至5 mg/L以下；以秸秆为碳源时,铵态氮质量浓度则呈现先升高后降低趋势并且呈现HRT越长铵态氮质量浓度累积越高,整体呈现铵态氮质量浓度高于玉米芯。以玉米芯为碳源时,pH略低，在5~6范围内波动；以秸秆为碳源时pH值波动范围为6.5~7.5,更适宜微生物生长。结果证明,秸秆和玉米芯为较优质碳源,但各有不足之处,在实际应用中应结合场地水流速度、pH等条件选择相对更优碳源,也可将二者混合使用使优势互补。  
Abstract: Groundwater is not only an important component of the hydrologic cycle but also an important drinking water source. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure application has caused severe nitrate pollution in groundwater, which threats human health. Bioremediation of groundwater nitrate using denitrifying forms of bacteria found in groundwater is one of the effective methods for nitrogen removal.  Carbon source is one of the necessities for heterotrophic denitrification, and water temperature and hydraulic retention time can also significantly influence the nitrate removal efficiency. The main objectives of this study are  to: 1) investigate the performance of denitrification using different single carbon sources; 2) evaluate the effects of temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH on denitrification performance and screen the best solid carbon source for nitrate removal. This research focused  on nitrate removal using commonly available agricultural solid organic residues as the carbon sources. Particularly, corncob, rice straw, and newspaper were employed as the carbon sources for nitrate removal at different temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRT) in the laboratory. The  results indicated that when newspaper was used as carbon source, nitrate concentration was reduced from 30 to around 15 mg/L in 24 hours, and the nitrite concentration was much higher than the standard of the drinking water quality. On the other hand, use of corncob and rice straw as carbon sources could almost completely remove the nitrate within 24 hours. It was observed that small amount of nitrite was accumulated in the denitrification process when corncob and rice straw were used as the carbon sources. Denitrification was markedly affected by temperature. When rice straw and corncob were used as carbon sources, almost 100% nitrate removal was achieved within 60 hours at 20, 25 or 30 ℃, while only 50% nitrate removal could  be achieved at 15 ℃. Nitrite concentration increased at first, then decreased to below 0.1 mg/L within 24, 40 and 24 hours, respectively, at 20, 25  and 30 ℃ when corncob or rice straw was used as carbon source. High nitrate removal efficiency could  be achieved at the four different treatments of HRT by using corncob or rice straw as carbon source. But the time required for the near-complete removal of nitrate (stable operation) increased with the decrease of HRT. This study indicated that complete nitrate removal can be achieved readily using rice straw or corncob as carbon source  by adjusting HRT or temperature in water, which can be potentially implemented in environmental engineering practices.  
出版日期: 2014-05-20
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侯卫龙
周鸿翔
施加春
曾令藻
吴劳生*

引用本文:

侯卫龙, 周鸿翔, 施加春, 曾令藻, 吴劳生*. 碳源、温度及水力停留时间对地下水硝酸盐的去除效果[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2014, 40(3): 314-.

Hou Weilong, Zhou Hongxiang, Shi Jiachun, Zeng Lingzao, Wu Laosheng*. Effects of carbon sources, temperature and hydraulic retention time on nitrate removal from groundwater. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2014, 40(3): 314-.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.10.252    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2014/V40/I3/314

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