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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2014, Vol. 40 Issue (2): 203-209    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.04.301
农业科学     
棉农化肥施用技术效率及影响因子分析 ——基于莎车县农户调查数据的实证研究
颜璐1， 马惠兰2*
(1.新疆农业大学管理学院，乌鲁木齐 830052；2.新疆农业大学经济与贸易学院，乌鲁木齐 830052)
Analysis of chemical fertilizer application efficiency by cotton farmers and its influence factors: an empirical study based on peasant household survey in Shache County.
Yan Lu1, Ma Huilan2*
(1. College of Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; 2. College of Business and Economics, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China)
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摘要： 基于莎车县203户棉农的实地调查数据，运用随机前沿分析法估算棉农的化肥技术效率，并进一步运用双对数模型分析各因子对棉农化肥施用技术效率的影响程度.结果显示：莎车县棉花作物化肥施用技术效率较低，仅0.459 8，有一半以上的量无法作用于农业生产.文化程度对技术效率影响最大；之后由高到低依次为化肥利用率的认识程度、农技培训、土壤质量变化、纯农人数占比和有机肥的施用；而种植规模、化肥价格变化和务农时间对化肥施用技术效率影响较低.最后，提出了提高棉农受教育水平、加大农技推广力度、控制化肥价格、推进农户适度规模化经营等相关的对策建议.
Abstract: Chemical fertilizer application efficiency is an important influence factor in agricultural production. Low chemical fertilizer application efficiency not only lead to cotton production cost increase and constrain cotton per unit area yield, but also may cause agricultural non-point source pollution, because excessive use of chemical fertilizers damage inevitably the environment and resources which are vital for agricultural development. Therefore, our aim is first to systematically evaluate chemical fertilizer application efficiency by cotton farmers. And second, with the purpose to figure out the essential ways to raise production efficiency of agricultural internal system, we assess the active results of different kinds of influence factors of technical efficiency. Furthermore, we hope the results can help to increase agricultural economic benefits of farmers and agricultural scientific and technical level, and ultimately prompt the sustainable development of agriculture. By using the field survey data which were obtained from 203 peasant households in Shache County, a first agricultural county in Xinjiang with favorable cotton plant conditions, an evaluation model with stochastic frontier approach (SFA) was constructed to analyze the chemical fertilizer application efficiency by cotton farmers and then tried to estimate cotton production technical efficiency and chemical fertilizer application efficiency of different groups of cotton farmers to some extent. After that, a double logarithmic model, built by SPSS 17.0 statistical software, was used to assess the relationship between chemical fertilizer application efficiency and thirteen influence factors, and further to find the major reason why the chemical fertilizer application efficiency in Shache County’s cotton production was rather lower. The result showed that the chemical fertilizer application efficiency in cotton production of Shache County was merely 0.459 8, which was much lower than appropriate result, indicating that, under the current technical stage, only a small amount of chemical fertilizers used was absorbed by cotton plants. To be more specific, the more obvious influence factor for chemical fertilizer application efficiency was farmers’ education level, followed by farmers’ perception to chemical fertilizer utilization rate, agricultural technology training, and soil quality change, the proportion of farmers who carry out agricultural production and the application of organic fertilizers. While on the other side, the factors which had lower influence on chemical fertilizer application efficiency were plant scale, chemical fertilizer price change and working hours on farmland. Another point which was worthy mentioning was that only the soil quality change had negative influence on chemical fertilizer application efficiency. In the end, on the basis of empirical analysis in the study, a number of countermeasures (e.g. improving farmers’ educational level, enforcing agricultural technology extension, prompting agricultural production and operation in moderate scale and controlling chemical fertilizer price) were proposed to increase the chemical fertilizer application efficiency and reduce the possibility of agriculture nonpoint pollution.
出版日期: 2014-03-20
CLC:  F 323.22  
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颜璐1
马惠兰2*

引用本文:

颜璐1， 马惠兰2*. 棉农化肥施用技术效率及影响因子分析 ——基于莎车县农户调查数据的实证研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2014, 40(2): 203-209.

Yan Lu1, Ma Huilan2* . Analysis of chemical fertilizer application efficiency by cotton farmers and its influence factors: an empirical study based on peasant household survey in Shache County.. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2014, 40(2): 203-209.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.04.301    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2014/V40/I2/203

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