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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2013, Vol. 39 Issue (1): 69-    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.06.291
农业科学     
氰胺对‘翠冠’梨花芽休眠解除及内源激素和碳水化合物含量的影响
刘冬峰1， 陈露露1， 李国鹏1， 王涛2， 滕元文1*
(1.浙江大学 园艺系/农业部园艺植物生长发育与品质调控重点开放实验室，杭州 310058；
 2.浙江省温岭市特产技术站，浙江 温岭 317500)
Effect  of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on release of floral bud dormancy,   endogenous hormone and carbohydrate in Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Cuiguan
LIU Dongfeng1, CHEN Lulu1, LI Guopeng1, WANG Tao2, TENG Yuanwen1*
(1. Department of Horticulture, The State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,  310058 China; 2. Zhejiang Wenling Extension Station for Special Local Products, Wenling， Zhejiang 317500, China
)
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摘要： 芽休眠是多年生落叶果树适应恶劣环境的生理过程，当低温需冷量满足且环境温度适宜时芽休眠解除并萌发，由休眠不足而引发的春季花期延长等现象对我国南方砂梨生产带来一定程度的影响。为此，特以早熟品种‘翠冠’为材料研究氰胺对花芽休眠解除及内源激素和碳水化合物含量的影响。物候期的调查结果表明：‘翠冠’花芽休眠期内喷施氰胺可提早花芽萌发，而且较高质量分数(2%)的氰胺促进花芽萌发的效果更显著；氰胺处理可提早‘翠冠’的初花期和盛花期但未提早果实成熟期。氰胺处理后花芽内源激素含量测定结果表明：氰胺处理后花芽中赤霉素（GA3) 含量呈“上升—下降—上升”的变化趋势，处理20 d后2%氰胺处理的GA3显著高于对照；与其他内源激素的变化相比氰胺对花芽中脱落酸（ABA) 的含量影响更为显著，推测ABA在氰胺处理后花芽休眠解除过程中起重要作用。‘翠冠’花芽萌发过程中碳水化合物的转化表明，随着自然休眠的解除花芽内分生组织活动增强。
Abstract: Bud dormancy is an adaptive developmental process for perennial deciduous fruit trees to survive under the adverse environmental conditions, which is released when both the chilling requirement and growth temperature are achieved. Prolonged dormancy is considered to be the major obstacle to economic production of temperate fruits in warm winter regions. In Southern China, due to warm winter temperature, dormancy release becomes a major factor for production of Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Cuiguan. The irregular blossoming and delayed flowering behavior present in this crop may cause negative influence on pear industry of this region. In view of limiting factor in particular regions, the need for artificial means to compensate for lack of natural chilling for maintaining economic production of pear crop. Chemicals likewise hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and thiourea is widely used to overcome the bud release problem of insufficient chilling for deciduous fruits. P. pyrifolia   is a good early maturing cultivar and commercially grown in the region of Southern China. Now, Hydrogen cyanamide (HC) was used as a dormancy breaking agent for P. pyrifolia. Different concentration of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) was used to release floral buds from dormancy and duration of dormancy releasing periods of buds, to analyze the variation in endogenous hormones and carbohydrates.
Survey was made during  the phenological periods including floral bud breaking, flowering and fruit maturing and investigation were made by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） for the occurrence of changes in endogenous hormone contents including gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) and the data was recorded for carbohydrate conversion between starch and soluble sugar in floral bud. Data regarding phenological phase were analysed statistically.  Results presented  indicated that
 higher concentration of hydrogen cyanamide treatment (2%) was significantly proved better for early bud break and also in florescence period (both the initial flower stage and fullblossom stage). 
However, all the level of HC treatment did not affect significantly on frutescence period, the fruit firmness and total soluble solid content. As far as endogenous hormone content changed in floral bud after hydrogen cyanamide treatment, gibberellins contents showed the tendency like ‘ascentdecentascent’, in early days of application, while after twenty days, at 2% concentration, HC caused a significant increase in endogenous GA3, those were higher level as compared to non treated sample (control). Obtained results further depicted that the maximum contents of abscisic acid (ABA) was yielded as a result of  hydrogen cyanamide
 treatment  as compared to other endogenous hormones. The rise in endogenous hormones (ABA and GA3) as a result of the higher HC dose may be due to direct stimulation of ABA and GA3 synthesis by HC.
Keeping the presented results in view, it might be presumed that abscisic acid would play an important role in dormancy release after hydrogen cyanamide treatment. Moreover the conversion from starch to soluble sugar in floral bud indicates that the activity of meristem is increased with the dormancy release.
Therefore, on the basis of obtained results it is concluded that hydrogen cyanamide treatment could overcome the problem of prolonged dormancy and shorten the bud dormancy release period without affecting the fruit quality i.e. firmness, sugar content and total soluble solid.    
出版日期: 2013-01-20
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刘冬峰1
陈露露1
李国鹏1
王涛2
滕元文1*

引用本文:

刘冬峰1， 陈露露1， 李国鹏1， 王涛2， 滕元文1*. 氰胺对‘翠冠’梨花芽休眠解除及内源激素和碳水化合物含量的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 39(1): 69-.

LIU Dongfeng1, CHEN Lulu1, LI Guopeng1, WANG Tao2, TENG Yuanwen1*. Effect  of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on release of floral bud dormancy,   endogenous hormone and carbohydrate in Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Cuiguan. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2013, 39(1): 69-.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.06.291    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2013/V39/I1/69

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