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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2011, Vol. 37 Issue (4): 425-431    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2011.04.011
生物科学与技术     
湿地外来植物香菇草（Hydrocotyle vulgaris）入侵风险研究
缪丽华1,季梦成2,王莹莹1,乔东东1,陈煜初3
１ .中国湿地博物馆湿地研究部,浙江 杭州 ３１００１３ ; ２ .浙江农林大学园林学院,浙江 临安 ３１１３００ ;３ .杭州天景水生植物园,浙江 杭州 ３１００３０
Study on invasion risk of Hydrocotyle vulgaris as an alien species in wetlands
MIAO Li-hua1,JI Meng-cheng2,WANG Ying-ying1,QIAO Dong-dong1,CHEN  Yu-chu3
1 . Department of W etland Science Research , National Wetlands Museum of China , Hangzhou 310013 , China ; 2 . School of Landscape A rchitecture , Zhejiang A & F University , L in＇an , Zhejiang 311300 , China ; 3 . Hangzhou Tianjing Botarical Garder , Hangzhou 310030 , China）
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摘要： 通过对香菇草( Hydrocotyle vulgaris)形态特征、生长习性以及繁殖特点的研究以揭示其入侵风险.结果表明:1)香菇草适应性强,具有表型可塑性,能适应水生到旱生、强光到隐蔽等多种生境,并具有较好的耐受性,从而能占据更宽的生态幅;2)侵占力强,能形成比较高密度的植株丛成片生长,地下部分由根茎和大量的不定根密集网状交错,在地上、地下高密度占领生境从而排挤其他植物,降低群落物种多样性;3)繁殖速度快,可营养繁殖和种子繁殖,以根茎营养繁殖为主,自然生长的香菇草个体1年繁殖倍数达到50倍以上;4)根除难度大,根茎的片断残留仍然可生长成新的植株再次快速繁殖扩大;5)根据香菇草的生长习性,其适生区域的气候特征指标为:日平均温度稳定≥ 10℃ 天数多于180 d ,最冷月(1 月)平均温度高于－ 5 ℃ ,年极端最低气温不低于－10℃ ;结合我国的气候数据,预测划分香菇草的适生范围包括:中国北亚热带湿润区、中亚热带湿润区、南亚热带湿润区、边缘热带湿润区、中热带湿润区、赤道热带湿润区和中国高原亚热带地区;6)采用外来物种入侵风险指数评估体系分析香菇草的入侵风险表明,其入侵风险指数可确定得分为71分,其中繁殖和扩散特性"项目得39分.说明香菇草入侵风险程度极高,属于不可引入物种" .最后提出了香菇草入侵风险管理建议.
Abstract: The growth habit , morphological and reproductive characteristics of Hydrocotyle vulgaris were systematically described to assess its invasion risks . The results showed that the invasion risks of H . vulgaris were displayed in four aspects . First , the adaptability and phenotypic plasticity of H . vulgaris ensured its adaptation to the environment . Also its tolerance contributed to the occupation of wider ecological amplitude .Second , the aggressive ability made it able to occupy the habitat in high density both ground and underground ,which may affect other species and led to a drop in community species diversity . Third ,it was apprehended that it had an extremely high reproductive speed , which may grow ５０ times each year , due to its vegetative propagation and seed propagation . At last , the difficulties in eradicating and the residue of its tissues also contributed to its rapid reproduction . The climatic standards to identify the potential distribution areas were defined as follows : the number of days whose daily average temperature was stably higher than (or equals) １０℃ were larger than １８０ d ; the lowest average monthly temperature (January) was higher than － ５ ℃ ; the annually extremely lowest climate temperature was not lower than － １０ ℃ . According to the meteorological data and climatic characteristics , north subtropical humid region , mid subtropical humid region , south subtropical humid region , edge tropical humid region , mid tropical humid region ,equatorial tropical region and plateau subtropical region were identified as the potential distribution areas of H . vulgaris in China . The invasion risk index assessment system indicated that H . vulgaris had a very high risk of invasion with the score of ７１ , which meant that H . vulgaris was extremely dangerous and was a forbidden species to be introduced .Some suggestions on invasion risk management were proposed on the basis of the growth habit of H . vulgaris .
出版日期: 2011-07-20
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缪丽华
季梦成
王莹莹
乔东东
陈煜初

引用本文:

缪丽华,季梦成,王莹莹,乔东东,陈煜初. 湿地外来植物香菇草（Hydrocotyle vulgaris）入侵风险研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2011, 37(4): 425-431.

MIAO Li-hua,JI Meng-cheng,WANG Ying-ying,QIAO Dong-dong,CHEN Yu-chu. Study on invasion risk of Hydrocotyle vulgaris as an alien species in wetlands. Journal of Zhejiang University: Agric. & Life Sci., 2011, 37(4): 425-431.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2011.04.011    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2011/V37/I4/425

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