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| Abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in different types of soil in the Yangtze River estuary |
| Xiao-ran Li, Yi-ping Xiao, Wen-wei Ren, Zeng-fu Liu, Jin-huan Shi, Zhe-xue Quan |
| Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, China |
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Abstract Tidal flats are soil resources of great significance. Nitrification plays a central role in the nitrogen cycle and is often a critical first step in nitrogen removal from estuarine and coastal environments. We determined the abundance as well as composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in different soils during land reclamation process. The abundance of AOA was higher than that of AOB in farm land and wild land while AOA was not detected in tidal flats using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The different abundances of AOB and AOA were negatively correlated with the salinity. The diversities of AOB and AOA were also investigated using clone libraries by amplification of amoA gene. Among AOB, nearly all sequences belonged to the Nitrosomonas lineage in the initial land reclamation process, i.e., tidal flats, while both Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira lineages were detected in later and transition phases of land reclamation process, farm land and wild land. The ratio of the numbers of sequences of Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira lineages was positively correlated with the salinity and the net nitrification rate. As for AOA, there was no obvious correlation with the changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil. This study suggests that AOB may be more import than AOA with respect to influencing the different land reclamation process stages.
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Received: 10 January 2012
Published: 29 June 2012
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